Definition:Image watermarking deals with creating a metadata (a watermark) about the image content and hiding it within the image.
Challenges and benchmarking
Digital images are often printed and scanned again, for example when they are used in magazines and readers want to store digitally. When used as web site illustrations, they are often compressed by lossy compression algorithms like JPEG. Common processing operations include softening, sharpening, denoising, scaling, cropping and colour corrections. A number of benchmarking suits address image watermarking robustness evaluation, Stirmark [1], Checkmark and Certimark are well known examples.
The most challenging attacks on the robustness of image watermarks today are nonlinear transformations, rendering a watermark in an image undetectable for the watermarking algorithm. But even common image processing operations like scaling and rotation can be a serious challenge for the re-synchronisation of an image watermark.
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References
F. Petitcolas and R. Anderson, “Evaluation of copyright marking systems,” Proceedings of IEEE Multimedia Systems, Multimedia Computing and Systems, June 1999, Florence, Italy, Vol. 1, 1999, pp. 574–579.
H. Liu, H. Sahbi, L. Croce Ferri, and M. Steinebach, “Image Authentication using automatic detected ROIs,” WIAMIS 2004, 5th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services; April 2004, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal.
M. Wu and B. Liu, “Digital watermarking using shuffling,” ICIP 99, Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing, 1999, Vol. 1, pp. 291–295.
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© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
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(2006). Image watermarking. In: Furht, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Multimedia. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30038-4_102
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30038-4_102
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
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