Abstract
The time taken for a CMOS logic gate output to change after one or more inputs have changed is called the output delay of the gate. A conventional multi-input CMOS gate is designed to have the same input to output delay irrespective of which input caused the output to change. A gate which can offer different delays for different input-output paths through it, is known as a variable input delay(VID) gate and the maximum difference in delay between any two paths through the same gate is known as “u b ”. These gates can be used for minimizing the active power of a digital CMOS circuit using a previosuly described technique called variable input delay(VID) logic. This previous publication proposed three different designs for implementating the VID gate.
In this paper, we describe a technique for transistor sizing of these three flavors of the VID gate for a given delay requirement. We also describe techniques for calculating the u b of each flavor. We outline an algorithm for quick determination of the transistor sizes for a gate for a given load capacitance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Agrawal, V.D.: Low Power Design by Hazard Filtering. In: Proc. of the International Conference on VLSI Design, pp. 193–197 (1997)
Agrawal, V.D., Bushnell, M.L., Parthasarathy, G., Ramadoss, R.: Digital Circuit Design for Minimum Transient Energy and Linear Programming Method. In: Proc. of the International Conference on VLSI Design, pp. 434–439 (1999)
Berkelaar, M., Jacobs, E.: Using Gate Sizing to Reduce Glitch Power. In: Proc. of the ProRISC Workshop on Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing, Mierlo, The Netherlands, pp. 183–188 (1996)
Berkelaar, M., Buurman, P., Jess, J.: Computing Entire Area/Power Consumption Versus Delay Trade-off Curve for Gate Sizing Using a Piecewise Linear Simulator. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 15, 1424–1434 (1996)
Berkelaar, M., Jess, J.A.G.: Transistor Sizing in MOS Digital Circuits with Linear Programming. In: Proc. of the European Design Automation Conference, Mierlo, The Netherlands, pp. 217–221 (1990)
Berkelaar, M., Jacobs, E.T.A.F.: Gate Sizing Using a Statistical Delay Model. In: Proc. of the Design Automation and Test in Europe Conference, Paris, France, pp. 283–290 (2000)
Sathyamurthy, H., Sapatnekar, S.S., Fishburn, J.P.: Speeding up pipelined circuits through a combination of gate sizing and clock skew optimization. In: Proc. of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, pp. 467–470 (1995)
Benini, L., DeMicheli, G., Macii, A., Macii, E., Poncino, M., Scarsi, R.: Glitch power minimization by gate freezing. In: Proc. of the Design Automation and Test in Europe Conference, p. 36 (1999)
Kim, S., Kim, J., Hwang, S.Y.: New Path Balancing Algorithm for Glitch Power Reduction. IEE Proceedings: Circuits, Devices and Systems 148, 151–156 (2001)
Raja, T., Agrawal, V.D., Bushnell, M.L.: Minimum Dynamic Power CMOS Circuit Design by a Reduced Constraint Set Linear Program. In: Proc. of the International Conference on VLSI Design, pp. 527–532 (2003)
Raja, T., Agrawal, V.D., Bushnell, M.L.: CMOS Circuit design for Minimum Dynamic Power and Highest Speed. In: Proc. of the International Conference on VLSI Design, pp. 1035–1040 (2004)
Raja, T., Agrawal, V.D., Bushnell, M.L.: Variable Input Delay Logic and Its Application to Low Power Design. In: Proc. of the International Conference on VLSI Design, pp. 598–605 (2005)
Raja, T.: Minimum Dynamic Power Design with Variable Input Delay Logic. PhD thesis, Rutgers University, Dept. of ECE, Piscataway, New Jersey (2004)
Datta, S., Nag, S., Roy, K.: ASAP: A Transistor Sizing Tool for Area, Delay and Power Optimization of CMOS Circuits. In: Proc. of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 61–64 (1994)
Musoll, E., Cortadella, J.: Optimizing cmos circuits for low power using transistor reordering. In: Proc. of the European Design Automation Conference, pp. 219–223 (1995)
Hashimoto, M., Onodera, H., Tamaru, K.: A Practical Gate Resizing Technique Considering Glitch Reduction for Low Power Design. In: Proc. of the Design Automation Conference, pp. 446–451 (1999)
Chandrakasan, A.P., Brodersen, R.W.: Low Power Digital CMOS Design. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1995)
Chandrakasan, A.P., Sheng, S., Brodersen, R.W.: Low Power CMOS Digital Design. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 27, 473–484 (1992)
Chandrakasan, A., Brodersen, R. (eds.): Low-Power CMOS Design. IEEE Press, New York (1998)
Nebel, W., Mermet, J.: Low Power Design in Deep Submicron Electronics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1997)
Rabaey, J.M., Pedram, M. (eds.): Low Power Design Methodologies. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1996)
Rabaey, J.M., Pedram, M.: Low Power Design Methodologies. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1995)
Roy, K., Prasad, S.C.: Low-Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design. Wiley Interscience Publications, New York (2000)
Yeap, G.: Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1998)
Rabaey, J., Chandrakasan, A., Nikolic, B.: Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2003)
Weste, N., Eshraghian, K.: Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A Systems Approach. Addison Wesley Publications, Reading (1985)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Raja, T., Agrawal, V.D., Bushnell, M. (2005). Design of Variable Input Delay Gates for Low Dynamic Power Circuits. In: Paliouras, V., Vounckx, J., Verkest, D. (eds) Integrated Circuit and System Design. Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation. PATMOS 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3728. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11556930_45
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11556930_45
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-29013-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32080-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)