Skip to main content

Efficient Voltage Scheduling and Energy-Aware Co-synthesis for Real-Time Embedded Systems

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 3740))

Abstract

This paper presents an integrated methodology and a tool for system-level low power/energy co-synthesis for real-time embedded systems. Voltage scheduling (VS) is being applied to utilize the inherent slacks in the system. The voltage schedule is generated based on a global view of all tasks’ mapping and their energy profiles. The tool explores the three dimensional design space (performance-power-cost) to find implementations that offer the best trade-off among these design objectives. Unnecessary power dissipation is prevented by refining the allocation/binding in an additional synthesis step. The experimental results show that our approach remarkably improves the efficiency of VS and leads to additional energy savings, especially for applications with stringent delay constraints.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Münzenberger, R., Dörfel, M., Hofmann, R., Slomka, F.: A General Time Model for the Specification and Design of Embedded Real-Time Systems. Microelectronics Journal 34, 989–1000 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Mohsen, A., Hofmann, R.: Characterizing Power Consumption and Delay of Functional/Library Components for Hardware/Software Co-design of Embedded Systems. In: The 15th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping (RSP 2004), Geneva, pp. 45–52 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Thiele, L., Chakraborty, S., Gries, M., Künzli, S.: Design Space Exploration of Network Processor Architectures. Network Processor Design: Issues and Practices 1 (October 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Teich, J., Blickle, T., Thiele, L.: An Evolutionary Approach to System-Level Synthesis. In: The 5th International Workshop on Hardware/Software Co-Design (Codes/CASHE 1997) (March 1997)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Slomka, F., Dörfel, M., Münzenberger, R., Hofmann, R.: Hardware/Software Codesign and Rapid Prototyping of Embedded Systems. IEEE Design & Test of Computers, 28–38 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ljolo, M., Raghunathan, A., Dey, S., Lavagno, L., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.: Efficient Power Estimation Techniques for HW/SW systems. In: Proc. of the IEEE VOLTA 1999 International Workshop on Low Power Design, Italy, pp. 191–199 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bambha, N., Bhattacharyya, S., Teich, J., Zitzler, E.: Hybrid Global/Local Search for Dynamic Voltage Scaling in Embedded Multiprocessor. In: Proc. of the 1st International symposium on Hardware/Software Co-design (CODES 2001), pp. 243–248 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gruian, F.: System-Level Design Methods for Low Energy Architectures Containing Variable Voltage Processors. In: Proc. of Power-Aware Computing Systems Workshop, Cambridge, MA, US, November 12 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gruian, F., Kuchcinski, K.: LEneS: Task-Scheduling for Low Energy Systems Using Variable Supply Voltage Processors. In: Proc. of Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC 2001), pp. 449–455 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Schmitz, M., Al-Hashimi, B., Eles, P.: Synthesizing Energy-efficient Embedded Systems with LOPOCOS. Design Automation for Embedded Systems 6, 401–424 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Mohsen, A., Hofmann, R.: Power Modeling, Estimation, and Optimization for Automated Co-design of Real-Time Embedded Systems. In: Macii, E., Paliouras, V., Koufopavlou, O. (eds.) PATMOS 2004. LNCS, vol. 3254, pp. 643–651. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mitschele-Thiele and Slomka, F.: Co-design with SDL/MSC. IT Press (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Pering, T., Burd, T., Broderson, R.: The Simulation and Evaluation of Dynamic Voltage Scaling Algorithms. In: ISELPED 1998, Monterey, CA, USA, August 10-12, pp. 76–81. ACM, New York (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Burd, T., Broderson, R.: Design Issues for Dynamic Voltage Scaling. In: Proc. of the 2000 International symposium on Low power electronics and design, Italy, pp. 9–14 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Schmitz, M., Al-hashimi, B.: Considering Power Variation of DVS Processing Elements for Energy Minimization in Distributed Systems. In: Proc. of the International symposium on System Synthesis (ISSS 2001), pp. 250–255 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Zitzler, E., Laumanns, M., Thiele, L.: SPEA2: Improving the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm for Multiobjective Optimization. In: Evolutionary Methods for Design, Optimization, and Control, CIMNE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 95–100 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Topcuouglu, H., Hariri, S., Wu, M.: Performance-effective and Low-complexity Task Scheduling for Heterogeneous Computing. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 13(3), 260–274 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. The Wallenberg Laboratory for Research on Information Technology and Autonomous Systems, Available at http://www.ida.liu.se/ext/witas

  19. Dick, R., Rhodes, D., Wolf, W.: TGFF: Tasks Graphs for Free. In: Proc. of International Workshop on Hardware/Software Codesign (March 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Landman, P.: Low-Power Architectural Design Methodologies, Ph.D. Thesis, U.C. Berkeley (August 1994)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Mohsen, A., Hofmann, R. (2005). Efficient Voltage Scheduling and Energy-Aware Co-synthesis for Real-Time Embedded Systems. In: Srikanthan, T., Xue, J., Chang, CH. (eds) Advances in Computer Systems Architecture. ACSAC 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3740. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11572961_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11572961_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-29643-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32108-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics