Abstract
Since sensor nodes are generally constrained in on-board energy supply, saving energy is crucial in extending the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we present a dynamic threshold scheme used in the data propagation phase of Directed Diffusion, which can decrease the traffic between nodes and therefore prolongs the longevity of wireless sensor networks. The sensor node sends data to the sink only when the sampling value reaches the hard threshold and the difference between the current sample value and the last sent value is greater than the soft threshold, which reduces data traffic to conserve energy. The soft threshold will be adjusted by using the historical values to make the proportion of sending due to timeout equal to the expected value. Whether the values of a sensed attribute change drastically or not, the data sent will continue at a reasonable rate, which adapts the sensor network to the changeful circumstance. Simulation results show that the improved Directed Diffusion based on dynamic threshold can prolong the network lifetime about 35% compared with the original system and can reacting immediately to drastic change in the values of a sensed attribute.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Estrin, D., Govindan, R., Heidemann, J., et al.: Next Century Challenges: Scalable Coordination in Sensor Networks. In: The Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 1999), Seattle, WA (August 1999)
Akyildiz, I.F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y., et al.: Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. Computer Networks 38, 393–422 (2002)
Kulik, J., Heinzelman, W.R., Balakrishnan, H.: Negotiation-based Protocols for Disseminating Information in Wireless Sensor Networks. Wireless Networks 8, 169–185 (2002)
Intanagonwiwat, C., Govindan, R., Estrin, D.: Directed Diffusion for Wireless Sensor Networking. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 11, 2–16 (2003)
Heinzelman, W., Chandrakasan, A., Balakrishnan, H.: Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks. In: The Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2000), Maui, Hawaii (January 2000)
Manjeshwar, A., Agrawal, D.P.: TEEN: A Protocol for Enhanced Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: The Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing, San Francisco, CA (April 2001)
Manjeshwar, A., Agrawal, D.P.: APTEEN: A Hybrid Protocol for Efficient Routing and Comprehensive Information Retrieval in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: The Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless Networks and Mobile computing, Ft. Lauderdale, FL (April 2002)
Yu, Y., Estrin, D., Govindan, R.: Geographical and Energy-Aware Routing: A Recursive Data Dissemination Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. UCLA Computer Science Department Technical Report, UCLA-CSD TR-01-0023 (May 2001)
Xu, Y., Heidemann, J., Estrin, D.: Geography-informed Energy Conservation for Ad Hoc Routing. In: The Proceedings of the 7th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2001), Rome, Italy (July 2001)
Royer, E.M., Toh, C.K.: A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad-Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks. IEEE Personal Communications Magazine 6, 46–55 (1999)
UCB/LBNL/VINT, Network Simulator-ns, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns
Kaiser, W.J.: WINS NG 1.0 transceiver power dissipation specifications, Sensoria Corporation, San Diego, CA
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, F. (2005). Dynamic Threshold Scheme Used in Directed Diffusion. In: Yang, L.T., Zhou, X., Zhao, W., Wu, Z., Zhu, Y., Lin, M. (eds) Embedded Software and Systems. ICESS 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3820. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11599555_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11599555_23
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-30881-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32297-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)