Abstract
This paper proposes a new steganography algorithm for 3D models using a spatial subdivision technique. Our algorithm first decomposes the bounding volume of the cover model into voxels based on a Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) tree. The voxels are then further categorized into eight subspaces, each of which is numbered and represented as three-digit binary characters. In the embedding process, we first traverse the BSP tree, locating a leaf voxel; then we embed every three bits of the payload message into the vertex inside the leaf voxel. This is realized by translating a vertex’s current position to the corresponding numbered subspace. This technique is a substitutive blind extraction scheme, where messages embedded can be extracted without the aid of the original cover model. This technique achieves high data capacity, equivalent to at least three times the number of the embedded vertices in the cover model. In addition, the stego model has insignificant visual distortion. Finally, this scheme is robust against similarity transformation attacks.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aspert, N., Drelie, E., Maret, Y., Ebrahimi, T.: Steganography for Three-Dimensional Polygonal Meshes. In: Proc. of the SPIE 47th Annual Meeting, pp. 705–708 (2002)
Benedens, O.: Geometry-Based Watermarking of 3D Models. IEEE Trans. Comput. Graph. Appl. 19(1), 46–55 (1999)
Cayre, F., Macq, B.: Data Hiding on 3-D Triangle Meshes. IEEE Trans. on Signal Process 51(4), 939–949 (2003)
Cignoni, P., Rocchini, C., Scopigno, R.: Metro: measuring error on simplified surfaces. Comput. Graph. Forum 17(2), 167–174 (1998)
Cotting, D., Weyrich, T., Pauly, M., Gross, M.: Robust Watermarking of Point-Sampled Geometry. In: Proc. of International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications, pp. 233–242 (2004)
Kanai, S., Date, H., Kishinami, T.: Digital Watermarking for 3D Polygons using Multiresolution Wavelet Decomposition. In: Proc. of Sixth IFIP WG 5.2 International Workshop on Geometric Modeling: Fundamentals and Applications, pp. 296–307 (1998)
Katzenbeisser, S., Petitcolas, F.A.P.: Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking, Artech House, London (2000)
Maret, Y., Ebrahimi, T.: Data Hiding on 3D Polygonal Meshes. In: Proc. of ACM Workshop on Multimedia and Security, pp. 68–74 (2004)
Ohbuchi, R., Masuda, H., Aono, M.: Watermarking Three-Dimensional Polygonal Models. In: Proc. of ACM Multimedia, pp. 261–272 (1997)
Ohbuchi, R., Takahashi, S., Miyazawa, T., Mukaiyama, A.: Watermarking 3D Polygonal Meshes in the Mesh Spectral Domain. In: Proc. of Graphics Interface, pp. 9–17 (2001)
Rencher, A.C.: Methods of Multivariate Analysis, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York (2002)
Petitcolas, F.A.P., Anderson, R.J., Kuhn, M.G.: Information Hiding - A Survey. Proceedings of IEEE 87(7), 1062–1078 (1999)
Wagner, M.G.: Robust Watermarking of Polygonal Meshes. In: Proc. of Geometric Modeling and Processing, pp. 201–208 (2000)
Wang, C.-M., Cheng, Y.-M.: An Efficient Information Hiding Algorithm for Polygonal Models. Comput. Graph. Forum 24(3), 591–600 (2005)
Wang, C.-M., Wang, P.-C.: Data Hiding Approach of Point-sampled Geometry. IEICE Trans. Comm. E88-B(1), 190–194 (2005)
Zafeiriou, S., Tefas, A., Pitas, I.: Blind Robust Watermarking Schemes for Copyright Protection of 3D Mesh Objects. IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graph 11(5), 596–607 (2005)
Yu, Z., Ip, H.H.S., Kwok, L.F.: A robust watermarking scheme for 3D triangular mesh models. Pattern Recognition 36(11), 2603–2614 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Tsai, YY., Wang, CM., Cheng, YM., Chang, CH., Wang, PC. (2006). Steganography on 3D Models Using a Spatial Subdivision Technique. In: Nishita, T., Peng, Q., Seidel, HP. (eds) Advances in Computer Graphics. CGI 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4035. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11784203_41
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11784203_41
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-35638-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-35639-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)