Abstract
Evolutionary car racing (ECR) is extended to the case of two cars racing on the same track. A sensor representation is devised, and various methods of evolving car controllers for competitive racing are explored. ECR can be combined with co-evolution in a wide variety of ways, and one aspect which is explored here is the relative-absolute fitness continuum. Systematical behavioural differences are found along this continuum; further, a tendency to specialization and the reactive nature of the controller architecture are found to limit evolutionary progress.
Keywords
References
Floreano, D., Kato, T., Marocco, D., Sauser, E.: Coevolution of active vision and feature selection. Biological Cybernetics 90, 218–228 (2004)
Tanev, I., Joachimczak, M., Hemmi, H., Shimohara, K.: Evolution of the driving styles of anticipatory agent remotely operating a scaled model of racing car. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, pp. 1891–1898 (2005)
Togelius, J., Lucas, S.M.: Evolving controllers for simulated car racing. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, pp. 1906–1913 (2005)
Stanley, K.O., Kohl, N., Sherony, R., Miikkulainen, R.: Neuroevolution of an automobile crash warning system. In: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2005) (2005)
Togelius, J., Lucas, S.M.: Evolving robust and specialized car racing skills. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (to appear, 2006)
Hillis, W.D.: Co-evolving parasites improve simulated evolution as an optimization procedure. Physica D 42, 228–234 (1990)
Rosin, C.D., Belew, R.K.: New methods for competitive coevolution. Evolutionary Computation 5(1) (1996)
Dawkins, R., Krebs, J.R.: Arms races between and within species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series B 205, 489–511 (1979)
Nolfi, S., Floreano, D.: Co-evolving predator and prey robots: Do ’arm races’ arise in artificial evolution? Artificial Life 4, 311–335 (1998)
Búason, G., Bergfeldt, N., Ziemke, T.: Brains, bodies, and beyond: Competitive co-evolution of robot controllers, morphologies and environments. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines 6, 25–51 (2005)
Stanley, K., Miikkulainen, R.: Competitive coevolution through evolutionary complexification. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 21, 63–100 (2004)
Bourg, D.M.: Physics for Game Developers. O’Reilly, Sebastopol (2002)
Monster, M.: Car physics for games (2003), http://home.planet.nl/monstrous/tutcar.html
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Togelius, J., Lucas, S.M. (2006). Arms Races and Car Races. In: Runarsson, T.P., Beyer, HG., Burke, E., Merelo-Guervós, J.J., Whitley, L.D., Yao, X. (eds) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN IX. PPSN 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4193. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11844297_62
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11844297_62
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-38990-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-38991-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)