Abstract
This paper describes a watermark-based technique that estimates the PSNR of encoded video without requiring the original media data. Watermark embedding is performed in the block-based DCT domain using a new non-uniform quantization scheme that accounts for human vision characteristics. At the extraction, the square distances between received coefficients and nearest quantization points are computed, giving a frame-by-frame estimative for the mean square error (and consequently, the PSNR). Since these distances may be underestimated if distortion is greater than the quantization step used for watermark embedding, it is also proposed the use of the watermark extraction bit error rate, together with image statistics, for PSNR estimation weighting. Results show that PSNR estimation closely follows the true PSNR for a set of video sequences subject to different encoding rates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bossi, S., Mapelli, F., Lancini, R.: Objective video quality evaluation by using semi-fragile watermarking. In: Proc. of Picture Coding Symposium 2004, S. Francisco, USA (December 2004)
Campisi, P., Carli, M., Giunta, G., Neri, A.: Blind quality assessment system for multimedia communications using tracing watermarking. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 51(4) (April 2003)
Chen, B., Wornell, G.W.: Quantization index modulation: a class of provably good methods for digital watermarking and information embedding. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 47(4) (May 2001)
Cox, I., Kilian, J., Shamoon, T.: Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 6(12) (December 1997)
Farias, M.C.Q., Carli, M., Neri, A., Mitra, S.K.: Video quality assessment based on data hiding driven by optical flow information. In: Proc. of SPIE Image Quality and System Performance, San Jose (January 2004)
Holliman, M., Yeung, M.M.: Watermarking for automatic quality monitoring. In: Proc. of SPIE Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IV, S. Jose, EUA (January 2002)
Sharifi, K., Leon-Garcia, A.: Estimation of shape parameter for generalized gaussian distributions in subband decompositions of video. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 5(1) (February 1995)
Saviotti, S., Mapelli, F., Lancini, R.: Video quality analysis using a watermarking technique. In: Proc. of WIAMIS 2004, Lisbon, Portugal (April 2004)
Wang, S., Zhao, J., Tam, W.J., Speranza, F.: Image quality measurement by using watermarking based on discrete wavelet transform. In: 22nd Biennial Symposium on Communications, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (May-June 2004)
Wang, Z., Sheikh, H.R., Bovik, A.C.: Objective video quality. In: The handbook of video databases, design and applications, pp. 1041–1078. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2003)
Watson, A.B.: DCT quantization matrices optimized for individual images. In: Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display IV, SPIE (1993)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Brandão, T., Queluz, P. (2006). Blind PSNR Estimation of Video Sequences, Through Non-uniform Quantization Watermarking. In: Campilho, A., Kamel, M.S. (eds) Image Analysis and Recognition. ICIAR 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4141. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11867586_55
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11867586_55
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-44891-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-44893-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)