Skip to main content

Reconstructing the Correct Writing Sequence from a Set of Chinese Character Strokes

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 4285))

Abstract

A Chinese character is composed of several strokes ordered in a particular sequence. The stroke sequence contains useful online information for handwriting recognition and handwriting education. Although there exist some general heuristic stroke sequence rules, sometimes these rules can be inconsistent making it difficult to apply them to determine the standard writing sequence given a set of strokes. In this paper, we proposed a method to estimate the standard writing sequence given the strokes of a Chinese character. The strokes are modeled as discrete states with the state transition costs determined by the result of the classification into forward/backward order of each stroke pair using the positional features. Candidate sequences are found by shortest path algorithm and the final decision of the stroke sequence is made according to the total handwriting energy in case there is more than one candidate sequence. Experiments show that our results provide better performance than existing approaches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. The structures and stroke sequence rules of Hanzi, The Commercial Press (HK) Ltd. (in Chinese), http://www.cp-edu.com/TW/CIKU/free_html/fl_hzjglx.asp

  2. Liu, C.-L., Jaegerm, S., Nakagawa, M.: Online Recognition of Chinese Characters: The State-of-the-Art. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 26(2), 198–213 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Nakai, M., Akira, N., Shimodaira, H., Sagayama, S.: Substroke Approach to HMM-based On-line Kanji Handwriting Recognition. In: 6th Intl. Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition, September 2001, pp. 491–495 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Artières, T., Gallinari, P.: Stroke level HMMs for on-line handwriting recognition. In: 8th Intl. Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Niagara, August 2002, pp. 227–232 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chen, Z., Lee, C.-W., Cheng, R.-H.: Handwritten Chinese character analysis and preclassification using stroke structural sequence. In: Proc. of 13th Intl. Conf. on Pattern Recognition, vol. 3, pp. 89–93 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Liu, Y.-J., Zhang, L.-Q., Tai, J.-W.: A new approach to on-line handwritten Chinese character recognition. In: Proc. of the 2nd Intl. Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 192–195 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hung, K.-W., Leung, W.-N., Lai, Y.-C.: Boxing code for stroke-order free handprinted Chinese character recognition. In: IEEE Intl. Conf. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, October 8-11, vol. 4, pp. 2721–2724 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lin, F., Tang, X.: Dynamic stroke information analysis for video-based handwritten Chinese character recognition. In: Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Intl. Conf. on Computer Vision, vol. 1, pp. 695–700 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Tappert, C.C., Suen, C.Y., Wakahara, T.: The state of the art in on-line handwriting recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 12, 787–808 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Tan, C.-K.: An algorithm for online strokes verification of Chinese characters using discrete features. In: 8th Intl. Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, pp. 339–344 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Tsang, K., Leung, H.: Teaching Stroke Order for Chinese Characters by Using Minimal Feedback, In: Intl. Conf. on Web-based Learning (ICWL 2005), Hong Kong (August 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Tang, K.-T., Li, K.-K., Leung, H.: A Web-Based Chinese Handwriting Education System with Automatic Feedback and Analysis. In: Liu, W., Li, Q., Lau, R.W.H. (eds.) ICWL 2006. LNCS, vol. 4181, pp. 176–188. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Shimomura, T.: Informatics: input and output: Science of the stroke sequence of Kanji. In: 8th Intl. Conf. on Computational Linguistics, pp. 270–273 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lau, K.-K., Yuen, P.-C., Tang, Y.Y.: Stroke extraction and stroke sequence estimation on signatures. In: 16th Intl. Conf. on Pattern Recognition, August 2002, vol. 3, pp. 119–122 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lau, K.-K., Yuen, P.-C., Tang, Y.-Y.: Universal Writing Model for Recovery of Writing Sequence of Static Handwriting Images. Intl. Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 19(5), 1–27 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Joe, M.-J., Lee, H.-J.: A combined method on the handwritten character recognition. In: Proc. of the 3rd Intl. Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition, August 1995, vol. 1, pp. 112–115 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Duda, R.O., Hart, P.E., Stork, D.G.: Pattern Classification, 2nd edn. Wiley Interscience, Chichester (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Johnson, D.S., McGeoch, L.A.: The Traveling Salesman Problem: A Case Study in Local Optimization. In: Aarts, E.H.L., Lenstra, J.K. (eds.) Local Search in Combinatorial Optimization, pp. 215–310. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Grefenstette, J., Gopal, R., Rosmaita, R., Gucht, D.: Genetic algorithms for the traveling salesman problem. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Intl. Conf. on Genetic Algorithms. Lawrence Eribaum Associates, Mahwah (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kardi, T.: Similarity Measurement, http://people.revoledu.com/kardi/tutorial/Similarity/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Tang, KT., Leung, H. (2006). Reconstructing the Correct Writing Sequence from a Set of Chinese Character Strokes. In: Matsumoto, Y., Sproat, R.W., Wong, KF., Zhang, M. (eds) Computer Processing of Oriental Languages. Beyond the Orient: The Research Challenges Ahead. ICCPOL 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 4285. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11940098_34

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11940098_34

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-49667-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49668-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics