Abstract
In recent years many diverse logical systems for reasoning about programs have been shown to posses a highly undecidable, viz Π 11 -complete, validity problem. All such known results are reproved in this paper in a uniform and transparent manner by reductions from recurring domino problems. These are simple variants of the classical unbounded domino (or tiling) problems introduced by Wang and the bounded versions defined by Lewis. While the former are (weakly) undecidable and the latter complete in various complexity classes, the problems in the new class are Σ 11 -complete.
It is hoped that the paper, which contains also NP-, PSPACE-, Π 01 - and Π 02 -hardness results for logical systems, will enhance interest in the appealing medium of domino problems as a useful set of reduction tools for exhibiting "bad behavior".
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
6. References
Apt, K.R. and G.D. Plotkin, Countable Nondeterminism and Random Assignment, Manuscript, 1982.
Berger, R., The Undecidability of the Dominoe Problem, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 66 (1966).
Buchi, J.R., Turing Machines and the Entscheidungsproblem, Math. Ann. 148 (1962), 201–213.
Church, A., A Note on the Entscheidungsproblem, JSL 1 (1936), 101–102.
Chandra, A.K., Computable Nondeterministic Functions, 19th FOCS, 127–131, 1978.
Cook, S.A., The Complexity of Theorem Proving Procedures, 3rd STOC, 151–158, 1971.
van Emde Boas, P., Dominoes are Forever, 1st GTI Workshop, Paderborn, 75–95, 1983.
Fischer, M.J. and R.E. Ladner, Propositional Dynamic Logic of Regular Programs, JCSS 18 (1979), 194–211.
Gurevich, Y., The Decision Problem for Standard Classes, JSL 41 (1976), 460–464.
Gurevich, Y. and I.O. Koryakov, Remarks on Berger's Paper on the Domino Problem, Siberian Math. J. 13 (1972), 319–321.
Harel, D., Dynamic Logic, In: Handbook of Philosophical Logic II, Reidel (1983), to appear.
Harel, D., A Simple Highly Undecidable Domino Problem, Submitted, 1983.
Harel, D., D. Kozen and R. Parikh, Process Logic: Expressiveness, Decidability, Completeness, JCSS 25 (1982), 144–170.
Harel, D., A. R. Meyer and V.R. Pratt, Computability and Completeness in Logics of Programs, 9th STOC, 261–268, 1977.
Harel, D. and A. Pnueli, Two Dimensional Temporal Logic, Manuscript, 1982.
Harel, D., A. Pnueli and J. Stavi, Propositional Dynamic Logic of Nonregular Programs, JCSS (1983), in press.
Harel, D. and M. Vardi, PDL with Intersection, In preparation.
Hoare, C.A.R., An Axiomatic Basis for Computer Programming, CACM 12 (1969), 576–580, 583.
Kahr, A.S., E.F., Moore and H. Wang, Entscheidungsproblem Reduced to the ∀∃∀ Case, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 48, (1962), 365–377.
Keisler, J., Model Theory for Infinitary Logic, North Holland, 1971.
Ladner, R., The Computational Complexity of Provability in Systems of Modal Propositional Logic, SIAM J. Comp. 6 (1977), 467–480.
Lewis, H.R., Complexity of Solvable Cases of the Decision Problem for the Predicate Calculus, 19th FOCS, 35–47, 1978.
Lewis, H.R., Unsolvable Classes of Quantificational Formulas, Addison-Wesley, 1979.
Lewis, H.R. and C.H. Papadimitriou, Elements of the Theory of Computation, Prentice-Hall, 1981.
Manna, Z. and A. Pnueli, Verification of Concurrent Programs: Temporal Proof Principles, LNCS 131, Springer, 200–252, 1981.
Mendelson, E., Introduction to Mathematical Logic, van Nostrand Reinhold, 1964.
Meyer, A.R., Private Communication, 1977.
Meyer, A.R. and L.J. Stockmeyer, Word Problems Requiring Expoential Time, 5th STOC, 1–9, 1973.
Meyer, A.R., R.S. Streett and G. Mirkowska, The Deducibility Problem in Propositional Dynamic Logic, LNCS 125, Springer-Verlag, 12–22, 1981.
Paterson, M. and D. Harel, In preparation.
Pnueli, A., The Temporal Logic of Programs, 18th FOCS, 46–57, 1977.
Pratt, V.R., Semantical Considerations on Floyd-Hoare Logic, 17th FOCS, 109–121, 1976.
Reif, J.H. and A.P. Sistla, A Multiprocess Network Logic with Temporal and Spatial Modalities, TR-29-82, Harvard, 1982.
Robinson, R.M., Undecidability and Nonperiodicity for Tilings of the Plane, Inventiones Math. 12, (1971), 177–209.
Rogers, H., Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability, McGraw-Hill, 1967.
Savitch, W.J., Relationships Between Nondeterministic and Deterministic Tape Complexities, JCSS 4 (1970), 177–192.
Shoenfield, J.R., Mathematical Logic, Addison-Wesley, 1967.
Sistla, A.P. and E.M. Clarke, The Complexity of Propositional Linear Temporal Logics, 14th STOC, 159–167, 1982.
Stockmeyer, L.J., The Polynomial Time Hierarchy, TCS 3 (1976), 1–22.
Streett, R.S. Global Process Logic is Π 11 -Complete, Manuscript, 1982.
Turing, A.M., On Computable Numbers with an Application to the Entscheidungs-problem, Proc. London Math. Soc. 2, 42 (1936–7), 230–265, 43 (1937), 544–546.
Wang, H., Proving Theorems by Pattern Recognition II, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 40, (1961), 1–41.
Wang, H., Dominoes and the AEA Case of the Decision Problem, In: Mathematical Theory of Automata, Polytechnic Press, 1963, pp. 23–55.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Harel, D. (1983). Recurring dominoes: Making the highly undecidable highly understandable (preliminary report). In: Karpinski, M. (eds) Foundations of Computation Theory. FCT 1983. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 158. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-12689-9_103
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-12689-9_103
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-12689-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-38682-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive