Abstract
This paper introduces a new application of the genetic algorithm for online control application. It acts as a model free optimization technique that belongs to the class of reinforcement learning. Its concepts and structure is first investigated and then the ability of this algorithm is highlighted by an application in a real-time control (pole balancing) problem. The simulation results approves the better the merit of the proposed technique.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
7 References
D. G. Luenberger, Linear and Nonlinear Programming, 1989, New York
J. H. Holland, Adaptation In Natural And Artificial Systems, Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, 1975
E. Scales, Introduction to Nonlinear Optimization, Springer-verlag, N. Y. 1985
R. E. Bellman, Dynamic Programming, Princetion univ. Press, princetion, N. J., USA, 1957.
K. A. DeJong, “Genetic Algorithms: A 10 Years Perspective,” Proceedings of an International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and Their Applications, pp. 169–177, 1985
J. J. Grefenstetle, “Optimization of Control Parameters for Genetic Algorithms,” IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybern., SMC-16, No. 1, pp. 122–128, Jun–Feb., 1988
D. E. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley, Publishing Company 1988
L. Davis and M. Steenstrup, “Genetic Algorithms & Simulated Annealing,” In GAs & SA, L. Davis, Ed., Pitman, London, UK, pp. 1–11, 1987.
D. B. Fogel, System Identification Through Simulated Evolution: A Machine Learning Approach to Modeling, Needham Heights, MA: Ginn Press, 1991.
Y. T. Chan, J.M. Riley and J.B. Plant, “Modeling of Time Delay and it’s Application to Estimation of Nonstationary Delays,” IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech, Signal Processing, Vol.: ASSP-29, pp. 577–581, June 1981.
D. M. Elter and M.M. Masukawa, “A Comparison of Algorithms for Adaptive Estimation of The Time-Delay Between Sampled Signals,” proce. of IEEE int. conf. on ASSP., pp. 1253–1256, 1981.
Y. Davidor, Genetic Algorithms & Robotics, A Heuristic Strategy for Optimization, World Scientific, Singapore, 1991.
C.L. Karr, “Genetic Algorithms for Fuzzy Controllers,” A.I. Expert, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 26–33, 1991.
D. Park, A. Kandel, and G. Langholz, “Genetic-Based New Fuzzy Reasoning Models with Application to Fuzzy Control,” IEEE Trans. on Sys., Man, and Cyb., Vol. 24, No. 1, January 1993.
H. Nomura, I. Hayashi and N. Wakami, “A Self Method of Fuzzy Reasoning by Genetic Algorithms,” in Fuzzy Control System, Kandel and Langholz (ed), CRC Press, Inc., London, pp337–354, 1994.
D. A. Linkens, and H. O. Nyongesa, “Genetic Algorithms for Fuzzy Control Part 2: Online System Development and Application,” IEE Proc.-Control Theory Appl., Vol. 142, No. 3, May 1995.
D. J. Montana and L. Davis, “Training Feed-forward Neural Networks Using Genetic Algorithms,” Proc. of Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence (Detroid), pp. 762–767, 1989.
F. Z. Brill, D. E. Brown, and W. N. Martin, “Fast Genetic Selection of Features for Neural Networks Classifiers,” IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, Vol. 3, No. 2, March 1992.
V. Maniezzo, “Genetic Evolution of The Toplogy and Weight Distribution of Neural Networks,” IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 39–53, Jun 1994.
K.S. Tang, K.F. Man and C. Y. Chan, “Genetic Structure for NN Topology and Weight Optimization,” 1st IEE/IEEE int. conf. on GAs in Engineering System, innovations & Applications, pp. 280–255, 12–14, Sept. 1995.
GA Vignaun and Z. Michalewicz, “A Genetic Algorithms For The Linear Transportation Problem,” IEEE Trans. on Systems Man and Cybernetics, Vol. 21, pp. 445–452, March–April, 1991.
K. Kristinsson, and G. A. Dumont, “System Identification and Control Using Genetic Algorithms,” IEEE Trans. on Sys., Man, and Cyb., Vol. 22, No. 5, September/October 1992.
A. Varsek, T Urbancic, and B. Filipic, “Genetic Algorithms in Controller Design and Tuning,” IEEE Trans. on Sys., Man, and Cyb., Vol. 23, No. 5, September/October 1993.
F. T. Lin, C. Y. Kao, and C. C. Hsu, “Applying the Genetic Approach to Simulated Annealing in Solving Some NP-Hard Problems,” IEEE Trans. on Sys., Man, and Cyb., Vol. 23, No. 6, November/December 1993.
K. Morikawa, T. Furuhashi, and Y. Uchikawa, “Single Populated Genetic Algorithms and its Application to Jobshop Scheduling,” Proc. of IEEE, International Conf. on Power Electronics and Motion Control, Vol. 2, pp. 1014–1019, 1992.
J. J. Grefenstette, “Optimization of Control Parameters for Genetic Algorithms,” IEEE Trans. on Sys., Man, and Cyb., Vol. Smc-16, No. 1, January/February 1986.
M. O. Odetayo, “Optimal Population Size for Genetic Algorithms: An Investigation,” IEEE, Colloquium on Genetic Algorithms for Control Systems Engineering, pp. 2/1–2/4, 1993.
J. T. Alander, “On Optimal Population Size of Genetic Algorithms,” CompEuro’ 92. Computer Systems and Software Engineering’, Proc. pp. 65–70, 1992.
J. Arabas, Z. Michalewicz, and J. Mulawka, “GAVaPS-a Genetic Algorithms with Varying Population Size,” Evolutionary Computation, IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Proceedings of the IEEE Conf., Vol. 1, pp. 73–78, 1994.
J. A. Lima, N. Gracias, H. Pereira, and A. Rosa, “Fitness Function Design for Genetic Algorithms in Cost Evaluation Based Problems,” Proc. of IEEE, International Conf. on Evolutionary Computation, pp. 207–212, 1996.
A. Ghosh, S. Tsutsui and H. Tanaka, “Individual Aging in Genetic Algorithms,” Conf. on Intelligence Information System, Australian and New Zealand, pp. 276–279, 1996.
J. Hesser and R. Manner, “Towards an Optimal Mutation Probability for Genetic Algorithms,” in Proc. First Int. Workshop on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, Dortmuntd, 1990, Paper A-XII.
X. Oi and F. Palmieri, “Theoretical Analysis of Evolutionary Algorithms With an Infinite Population Size in Continuous Space Part I: Basic Properties of Selection and Mutation,” IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 1994.
X. Oi and F. Palmieri, “Theoretical Analysis of Evolutionary Algorithms With an Infinite Population Size in Continuous Space Part II: Analysis of the Diversification Role of Crossover,” IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 1994.
Y. Shang and G. J. Li, “New Crossover in Genetic Algorithms,” Proc. of IEEE, Third International Conf. on Tools for Artificial Intelligence, TAI’ 91, pp. 150–153, 1991.
M. Coli, G. Gennuso, P. Palazzari, “A New Crossover Operator for Genetic Algorithms,” Proc. of IEEE, International Conf. on Evolutionary Computation, pp. 201–206, 1996.
J. C. Potts, T. D. Giddens, and S. B. Yadav, “The Development and Evaluation of an Improved Genetic Algorithms Based on Migration and Artificial Selection,” IEEE Trans. on Sys., Man, And Cyb., Vol. 24, No. 1, January 1994.
M.C. Moed, C. V. Stewart and Robert B. Kelly, “Reducing The Search Time of A Steady State Genetic Algorithms Using the Immigration Operator,” Proc. of IEEE, Third International Conf. on Tools for Artificial Intelligence, TAI’ 91, pp. 500–501, 1991.
S. Tsutsui and Y. Fujimoto, “Phenotypic Forking Genetic Algorithms (p-fGA),” Proc. of IEEE, International Conf. on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 2, pp. 566–572, 1995.
S. Tsutsui and Y. Fujimoto and I. Hayashi, “Extended Forking Genetic Algorithms for Order Representation (o-fGA),” Proc. of the First IEEE, Conf. on IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Vol. 2, pp. 566–572, 1994.
L. Davis, Handbook of Genetic Algorithms, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.
H. R. Berenji and P. Khedkar, “Learning and Tuning Fuzzy Logic Controllers Through Reinforcements,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol. 3, No. 5, 724–740, 1992.
C. T. Lin and G. Lee, “Reinforcement Structure/Parameter Learning for Neural-Networks-Based Fuzzy Logic Control System,” IEEE Trans. on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 2, No. 1, Februry 1994.
Fuzzy Logic Control System,” IEEE Trans. on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 2, No. 1, Februry 1994
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Seifipour, N., Menhaj, M.B. (2005). A New GA-Based Real Time Controller for the Classical Cart-Pole Balancing Problem. In: Reusch, B. (eds) Computational Intelligence, Theory and Applications. Advances in Soft Computing, vol 33. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31182-3_73
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31182-3_73
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-22807-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31182-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)