Skip to main content

Perceptual Anchoring: A Key Concept for Plan Execution in Embedded Systems

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Advances in Plan-Based Control of Robotic Agents

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 2466))

Abstract

Anchoring is the process of creating and maintaining the correspondence between symbols and percepts that refer to the same physical objects. This process must necessarily be present in any physically embedded system that includes a symbolic component, for instance, in an autonomous robot that uses a planner to generate strategic decisions. However, no systematic study of anchoring as a problem per se has been reported in the literature on intelligent systems. In this paper, we advocate for the need for a domain-independent framework to deal with the anchoring problem, and we report some initial steps in this direction. We illustrate our arguments and framework by showing experiments performed on a real mobile robot.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. R. Bajcsy and Košsecká. The problem of signal and symbol integration: a study of cooperative mobile autonomous agent behaviors. In Proceedings of KI-95: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 19th Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, volume 981 of LNCS, pages 49–64, Berlin, Germany, 1994. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. Barwise and J. Perry. Situations and Attitudes. The MIT Press, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  3. W. Burgard, A. Cremers, D. Fox, D. Hähnel, G. Lakemeyer, D. Schulz, W. Steiner, and S. Thrun. Experiences with an interactive museum tour-guide robot. Artificial Intelligence, 114(1–2):3–55, 1999.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Chella, M. Frixione, and S. Gaglio. Anchoring symbols on conceptual spaces: the case of dynamic scenarios. To appear in A. Saffiotti, editors. Anchoring Symbols to Sensor Data in Single and Multiple Robot Systems. Special issue of the Robotics and Autonomous Systems journal. [10]], 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. Coradeschi, D. Driankov, L. Karlsson, and A. Saffiotti. Fuzzy anchoring. In In Proc. of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Melbourne, December 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  6. S. Coradeschi and A. Saffiotti. Anchoring symbols to vision data by fuzzy logic. In Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty, LNAI, pages 104–115. Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1999.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. S. Coradeschi and A. Saffiotti. Anchoring symbols to sensor data: Preliminary report. In Proc. of the 17th National Conference on AI (AAAI-2000), pages 129–135, 2000. Online at http://www.aass.oru.se/~asaffio/.

  8. S. Coradeschi and A. Saffiotti, editors. Anchoring Symbols to Sensor Data in Single and Multiple Robot Systems. Papers from the 2001 AAAI Fall Symposium, Technical Report FS-01-01. AAAI, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  9. S. Coradeschi and A. Saffiotti. Perceptual anchoring of symbols for action. In Proc. of the 17th IJCAI Conf., pages 407–412, Seattle, WA, 2001. Online at http://www.aass.oru.se/~asaffio/.

  10. S. Coradeschi and A. Saffiotti, editors. Anchoring Symbols to Sensor Data in Single and Multiple Robot Systems. Special issue of the Robotics and Autonomous Systems journal., 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  11. P. Doherty, G. Granlund, K. Kuchcinski, E. Sandewall, K. Nordberg, E. Skarman, and J. Wiklund. The WITAS unmanned aerial vehicle project. In Proc. of the European Conf. on AI (ECAI), Berlin, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  12. F.L.G. Frege. Über Sinn und Bedeutung. Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik, pages 25–50, 1892.

    Google Scholar 

  13. P. Gärdenförs. Conceptual Spaces: The Geometry of Thought MIT Press, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  14. S. Harnard. The symbol grounding problem. Physica D, 42:335–346, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. H. Hexmoor, J. Lammens, and S. C. Shapiro. Embodiment in GLAIR: A grounded layered architecture with integrated reasoning for autonomous agents. In D. Dankel, editor, Proceedings of the Florida AI Research Symposium, pages 325–329, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  16. I. Horswill. Visual architecture and cognitive architecture. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 9(2):277–292, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. D. Jung and A. Zelinsky. Grounded symbolic communication between heterogeneous cooperating robots. Autonomous Robots, 8(3):269–292, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. L. Karlsson. Conditional progressive planning: A preliminary report. In Proc. of the 17th IJCAI Conf., Seattle, WA, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Karlsson L. and T. Schiavinotto. Progressive planning for mobile robots — A progress report. In This volume. Springer, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. Loutfi, S. Coradeschi, T. Duckett, and P. Wide. Odor source identification by grounding linguistic descriptions in an artificial nose. In Proc. of the SPIE conference on Sensor Fusion, Orlando, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  21. N. Muscettola, P. Nayak, B. Pell, and B. Williams. Remote agent: To boldly go where no ai system has gone before. Artificial Intelligence, 103(1–2):5–48, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  22. B. Russell. On denoting. In Mind XIV, pages 479–493. 1905.

    Google Scholar 

  23. A. Saffiotti. The Thinking Cap home. http://www.aass.oru.se/~asaffio/Software/TC/.

  24. A. Saffiotti. Pick-up what? In C. Bäckström and E. Sandewall, editors, Current trends in AI Planning, pages 266–277. IOS Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  25. A. Saffiotti, K. Konolige, and E. H. Ruspini. A multivalued-logic approach to integrating planning and control. Artificial Intelligence, 76(1–2):481–526, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Saffiotti and K. LeBlanc. Active perceptual anchoring of robot behavior in a dynamic environment. In IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, pages 3796–3802, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  27. S. Satoh, Y. Nakamura, and T. Kanade. Name it: Naming and detecting faces in video by integration of image and natural language processing. In Proc. of the 15th IJCAI Conf., pages 1488–1493, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  28. S.C. Shapiro and O.H. Ismail. Symbol-anchoring in cassie. In S. Coradeschi and A. Saffiotti, editors, Anchoring Symbols to Sensor Data in Single and Multiple Robot Systems: Papers from the 2001 AAAI Fall Symposium, pages 2–8. AAAI, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  29. G. Wasson, D. Kortenkamp, and E. Huber. Integrating active perception with an autonomous robot architecture. Robotics and Automation Journal, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Coradeschi, S., Saffiotti, A. (2002). Perceptual Anchoring: A Key Concept for Plan Execution in Embedded Systems. In: Beetz, M., Hertzberg, J., Ghallab, M., Pollack, M.E. (eds) Advances in Plan-Based Control of Robotic Agents. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 2466. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37724-7_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37724-7_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00168-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-37724-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics