Skip to main content

Learning to Generate CGs from Domain Specific Sentences

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 2120))

Abstract

Automatically generating Conceptual Graphs (CGs) [1] from natural language sentences is a difficult task in using CG as a semantic (knowledge) representation language for natural language information source. However, up to now only few approaches have been proposed for this task and most of them either are highly dependent on one domain or use manual rules. In this paper, we propose a machine-learning based approach that can be trained for different domains and requires almost no manual rules. We adopt a dependency grammar-Link Grammar [2] - for this purpose. The link structures of the grammar are very similar to conceptual graphs. Based on the link structure, through the word-conceptualization, concept-folding, link-folding and relationalization operations, we can train the system to generate conceptual graphs from domain specific sentences. An implementation system of the method is currently under development with IBM China Research Lab.

This work is supported by IBM China Research Laboratory.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. John F. Sowa, Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and Machine, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1984.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Daniel D.Sleator and Davy Temperley, Parsing English with a Link Grammar, in the Third International Workshop on Parsing Technologies, August 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Sager Naomi, “Sublanguage: Linguistic Phenomenon, Computational Tool,” In R. Grishman and R. Kittredge (eds.), Analyzing Language in Restricted Domains: Sublanguage Description and Processing, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. Kittredge and J. Lehrberger, “Sublanguage: Study of language in restricted semantic domain”, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  5. The information about the link parser from Carnegie Mellon University is available at: http://link.cs.cmu.edu/link/index.html

  6. Carol Liu, Towards A Link Grammar for Chinese, Submitted for publication in Computer Processing of Chinese and Oriental Languages-the Journal of the Chinese Language Computer Society. Abstract is available at http://bobo.link.cs.cmu.edu/grammar/liu-abstract.html

  7. James Allen, “Natural Language Understanding”, 2nd edition, pp. 24–25, the Benjamin/Cummings Publishing, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Graham A. Mann, Assembly of Conceptual Graphs from Natural Language by Means of Multiple Knowledge Specialists, in Proc. ICCS’92, LNAI 754, pp. 232–275, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Raymond J. Mooney and Claire Cardie, Symbolic Machine Learning for Natural Language Processing, in the tutorial of ACL’99, 1999. Available at http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/cardie/tutorial/tutorial.html

  10. George A.Miller, WordNet: An On-line Lexical Database, in the International Journal of Lexicography, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  11. McCarthy, J., and Lehnert, W., Using Decision Trees for Coreference Resolution. In Mellish, C. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1050–1055. 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Claire Cardie and Raymond J. Mooney, Machine learning and natural language (introduction to special issue on natural language learning). Machine Learning, 34, 5–9, 1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Brill, E. and Mooney, R.J. An overview of empirical natural language processing, AI Magazine, 18(4), 13–24, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cyre, W.R., Armstrong J.R., and Honcharik, A.J., Generating Simulation Models from Natural Language Specifications, in Simulation 65:239–251, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Jeff Hess and Walling R. Cyre, A CG-Based Behavior Extraction System, in Proc. 1CCS’99, LNAI 1640, pp. 127–139, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  16. J.F. Sowa and E.C. Way, Implementing a semantic interpreter using conceptual graphs, in IBM Journal of Research and Development, 30(1), pp. 57–96, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Paola Velardi, et.,all, Conceptual Graphs for the analysis and generation of sentences, in IBM Journal of Research and Development, 32(2), pp. 251–267, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Caroline Barrire, From a Children’s First Dictionary to a Lexical Knowledge Base of Conceptual Graphs, Ph.D thesis, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, 1997. Available at ftp://www.cs.sfu.ca/pub/cs/nl/BarrierePhD.ps.gz

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Zhang, L., Yu, Y. (2001). Learning to Generate CGs from Domain Specific Sentences. In: Delugach, H.S., Stumme, G. (eds) Conceptual Structures: Broadening the Base. ICCS 2001. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 2120. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44583-8_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44583-8_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-42344-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-44583-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics