Abstract
Recent research in brain development and cognitive development leads to an apparent paradox. One set of recent experiments suggests that infants are well-endowed with sophisticated mechanisms for analyzing the world; another set of recent experiments suggests that brain development is extremely flexible. In this paper, I review various ways of resolving the implicit tension between the two, and close with a proposal for a novel computational approach to reconciling nativism with developmental flexibility.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Haith, M.M., C. Hazan, and G.S. Goodman, Expectation and anticipation of dynamic visual events by 3.5-month-old babies. Child Development, 1988. 59: p.467–479.
Spelke, E.S. and R. Kestenbaum, Les origins du concept d’object. Psychologie Francaise, 1986. 31: p. 67–72.
Wynn, K., Addition and subtraction by human infants. Nature, 1992. 358: p. 749–750.
Marcus, G.F., S. Vijayan, S. Bandi Rao, and P.M. Vishton, Rule learning in 7-month-old infants. Science, 1999. 283: p. 77–80.
Gomez, R.L. and L.-A. Gerken, Artificial grammar learning by 1 year-olds leads to specific and abstract knowledge. Cognition, 1999. 70(1): p. 109–135.
Nazzi, T., J. Bertoncini, and J. Mehler, Language discrimination by newborns: Towards an understanding of the role of rhythm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1998. 24: p. 1–11.
Chomsky, N.A., Rules and representations. 1980, New York: Columbia University Press.
Fodor, J.A., The language of thought. 1975: New York: T. Y. Crowell.
Spelke, E.S., Initial knowledge: Six suggestions. Cognition, 1994. 50: p. 431–445.
Pinker, S., How the mind works. 1997, NY: Norton.
Leslie, A.M., Pretense, autism, and the “Theory of Mind” module. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1992. 1: p. 18–21.
Crain, S., Language Acquisition in the Absence of Experience. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1991. 14: p. 597–650.
Kennedy, H. and C. Dehay, Cortical specification of mice and men. Cerebral Cortex, 1993. 3(3): p. 171–86.
O’Leary, D.D. and B.B. Stanfield, Selective elimination of axons extended by developing cortical neurons is dependent on regional locale: Experiments using fetal cortical transplants. Journal of Neuroscience, 1989. 9: p. 2230–2246.
Sharma, J., A. Angelucci, and M. Sur, Induction of visual orientation modules in auditory cortex [see comments]. Nature, 2000. 404(6780): p.841–7.
Sur, M., S.L. Pallas, and A.W. Roe, Cross-model plasticity in cortical development: differentiation and specification of sensory neocortex. Trends in Neuroscience, 1990. 13: p. 227–233.
Elman, J.L., E. Bates, M.H. Johnson, A. Karmiloff-Smith, D. Parisi, and K. Plunkett, Rethinking innateness: A connectionist perspective on development. 1996, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Quartz, S.R. and T.J. Sejnowski, The neural basis of cognitive development: A constructivist manifesto. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1997. 20: p.537–56; discussion 556-96.
Spelke, E.S. and E.L. Newport, Nativism, empiricism, and the development of knowledge, in Handbook of Child Psychology (5th ed.), Vol. 1: Theories of development, R.M. Lerner, Editor. 1998, Wiley: NY. p. 275–340.
Saffran, J.,R. Aslin, and E. Newport, Statistical learning by 8-month old infants. Science, 1996. 274: p. 1926–1928.
Gordon, P., Level-ordering in lexical development. Cognition, 1985. 21: p. 73–93.
Wexler, K. and P. Culicover, Formal principles of language acquisition. 1980, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Pinker, S., Formal models of language learning. Cognition, 1979. 7(3): p. 217–283.
Pinker, S., Language learnability and language development. 1984, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Edelman, G.M., Topobiology: an introduction to molecular embryology. 1988, New York: Basic Books. xv, 240.
Vargha-Khadem, F., D.G. Gadian, K.E. Watkins, A. Connelly, W. Van Paesschen, and M. Mishkin, Differential effects of early hippocampal pathology on episodic and semantic memory [see comments] [published erratum appears in Science 1997 Aug 22; 277(5329):1117]. Science, 1997. 277(5324): p. 376–80.
Bechtel, W. and A. Abrahamsen, Connectionism and mind: An introduction to parallel processing in networks. 1991: Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
Marcus, G.F., Can connectionism save constructivism? Cognition, 1998. 66: p. 153–182.
Marcus, G.F., Rethinking eliminative connectionism. Cognitive Psychology, 1998. 37(3): p. 243–282.
Marcus, G.F., The algebraic mind: Integrating connectionism and cognitive science. 2001, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Marcus, G.F., U. Brinkmann, H. Clahsen, R. Wiese, and S. Pinker, German inflection: The exception that proves the rule. Cognitive Psychology, 1995. 29: p. 186–256.
Marcus, G.F., S. Pinker, M. Ullman, J.M. Hollander, T.J. Rosen, and F. Xu, Overregularization in language acquisition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development., 1992. 574, (Serial No. 228).
Spemann, H., Embryonic development and induction. Yale University. Mrs. Hepsa Ely Silliman memorial lectures [1933]. 1938, New Haven,: Yale University Press. xii,401.
Wolpert, L., The triumph of the embryo. Repr. (with corrections) ed. 1992, Oxford England;New York: Oxford University Press. vii,211.
Levitt, P., Molecular determinants of regionalization of the forebrain and cerebral cortex, in The new cognitive neurosciences, M.S. Gazzaniga, Editor. 2000, MIT Press: Cambridge, Mass. p. 23–32.
Cruz, Y.P.,Mammals, in Embryology: constructing the organism, S.F. Gilbert and A.M. Raunio, Editors. 1997, Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA. p. 459–489.
Dawkins, R., The Blind Watchmaker. 1987, NY: Norton.
Crowley, J.C. and L.C. Katz, Development of ocular dominance columns in the absence of retinal input. Nature Neuroscience, 1999. 2(12): p. 1125–1130.
Verhage, M., et al., Synaptic assembly of the brain in the absence of neurotransmitter secretion [In Process Citation]. Science, 2000. 287(5454): p. 864–9.
Katz, L.C., M. Weliky, and J.C. Crowley, Activity and the development of the visual cortext: New perspectives, in The new cognitive neurosciences, M.S. Gazzaniga, Editor. 2000, MIT Press: Cambridge, Mass. p. 199–212.
Jacob, F. andJ. Monod, On the regulation of gene activity. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, 1961. 26: p. 193–211.
Gilbert, S.F., Developmental biology. 5th ed. 1997, Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. 1v. (various pagings).
Gehring, W.J., Master control genes in development and evolution: the homeobox story. The Terry lectures. 1998, New Haven: Yale University Press. xv,236.
Halder, G., P. Callaerts, S. Flister, U. Walldorf, U. Kloter, and W.J. Gehring, Eyeless initiates the expression of both sine oculis and eyes absent during Drosophila compound eye development. Development, 1998. 125(12): p. 2181–91.
Halder, G., P. Callaerts, and W.J. Gehring, Induction of ectopic eyes by target expression of the eyeless gene in Drosophila. Science, 1995. 267: p. 1788–1792.
Sperry, R.W., Chemoaffinity in the orderly growth of nerve fiber patterns and connections. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1963. 50: p. 703–710.
Brown, A., et al., Topographic mapping from the retina to the midbrain is controlled by relative but not absolute levels of EphA receptor signaling. Cell, 2000. 102(1): p. 77–88.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Marcus, G.F. (2001). Plasticity and Nativism: Towards a Resolution of an Apparent Paradox. In: Wermter, S., Austin, J., Willshaw, D. (eds) Emergent Neural Computational Architectures Based on Neuroscience. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 2036. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44597-8_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44597-8_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-42363-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-44597-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive