Abstract
There are evolutionary trajectories in two different but related spaces, design space and niche space. Co-evolution occurs in parallel trajectories in both spaces, with complex feedback loops linking them. As the design of one species evolves, that changes the niche for others and vice versa. In general there will never be a unique answer to the question: does this change lead to higher fitness? Rather there will be tradeoffs: the new variant is better in some respects and worse in others. Where large numbers of mutually interdependent species (designs) are co-evolving, understanding the dynamics can be very difficult. If intelligent organisms manipulate some of the mechanisms, e.g. by mate selection or by breeding other animals or their own kind, the situation gets even more complicated. It may be possible to show how some aspects of the evolution of human minds are explained by all these mechanisms.
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Sloman, A. (2000). Interacting Trajectories in Design Space and Niche Space: A Philosopher Speculates About Evolution. In: Schoenauer, M., et al. Parallel Problem Solving from Nature PPSN VI. PPSN 2000. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1917. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45356-3_1
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