Abstract
In this paper we present effective new local and variable neighbourhood search heuristics for the asymmetric Travelling Salesman Problem. Our local search approach, HyperOpt, is inspired by a heuristic developed for a sequencing problem arising in the manufacture of printed circuit boards. In our approach we embed an exact algorithm into a local search heuristic in order to exhaustively search promising regions of the solution space. We propose a hybrid of HyperOpt and 3-opt which allows us to benefit from the advantages of both approaches and gain better tours overall. Using this hybrid within the Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS) metaheuristic framework, as suggested by Hansen and Mladenovific, allows us to overcome local optima and create tours of very high quality. We introduce the notion of a “guided shake” within VNS and show that this yields a heuristic which is more effective than the random shakes proposed by Hansen and Mladenovific. The heuristics presented form a continuum from very fast ones which produce reasonable results to much slower ones which produce excellent results. All of the heuristics have proven capable of handling the sort of constraints which arise for real life problems, such as those in electronics assembly.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Johnson, D.S., McGeoch, L.A.: The travelling salesman problem: A case study. In: Aarts, E.H.L. and Lenstra, J.K. (eds.): Local Search in Combinatorial Optimization. John Wiley & Sons, New York (1997) 215–310
Reinelt, G.: The travelling salesman: Computational solutions for TSP applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1994)
Bentley, J.L.: Fast algorithms for geometric traveling salesman problems. ORSA Journal on Computing, 4 (1992) 387–411
Lin, S., Kernighan, B.W.: An effective heuristic algorithm for the travelling sales-man problem. Operat. Res. 21 (1973) 498–516
Lawler, E.J., Lenstra, J.K., Rinnoy Kan, A.H.G., Shmoys, D.B.: The travelling salesman problem: A guided tour of combinatorial optimization. Wiley, New York (1985)
Martello, S., Toth, P.: Linear assignment problems. Annals of Discrete Mathematics 31 (1987) 259–282
A.Frieze A., Galbiati, G., Maffioli, F: On the worst-case performance of some algorithms for the asymmetric traveling salesman problem. Networks 12 (1982) 23–39
Karp, R.M.: A patching algorithm for the nonsymmetric traveling salesman problem. SIAM Journal on Computing 8 (1979) 561–573
Glover, F., Gutin, G., Yeo, A., Zverovich, A.: Construction heuristics for the asymmetric TSP. European Journal of Operational Research 129 (2000) 555–568
Zhang, W.: Depth-first branch-and-bound versus local search: A case study. In: Proceedings of the 17th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2000), Austin, TX, USA (2000) 260–266
Kanellakis, P.C., Papadimitriou, C.H.: Local search for the asymmetric traveling salesman problem. Oper. Res. 28 (1980) 1086–1099
Merz, P., Freisleben, B.: Genetic local search for the TSP: New results. In: Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation (1997) 159–164
Papadimitriou, C.H., Steiglitz, K.: The complexity of local search for the traveling salesman problem. SIAM Journal on Computing 6 (1977) 76–83
Pekney, J.F., Miller, D.L.: Exact solution of the no-wait flowshop scheduling problem with a comparison to heuristic methods. Computers & Chemical Engineering 15 (1991) 741–748
Cowling, P.I.: Optimization in steel hot rolling. In: Optimization in Industry. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, (1995) 55–66
Kolohan, F., Liang, M.: A tabu search approach to optimization of drilling operations. Comp. in Eng. 31 (1996) 371–374
Walas, R.A., Askin, R.G.: An algorithm for NC turret punch press tool location and hit sequencing. IIE Transactions 16 (1984) 280–287
Burke, E.K., Cowling, P.I., Keuthen, R.: New models and heuristics for component placement in printed circuit board assembly. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference on Information, Intelligence and Systems (ICIIS99), Bethesda, MD, USA. IEEE Computer Society Press, (1999) 133–140
Burke, E.K., Cowling, P.I., Keuthen, R.: Effective heuristic and metaheuristic approaches to optimize component placement in printed circuit board assembly. In: Proceedings of the Congress on Evolutionary Computation CEC2000, San Diego, CA, USA. IEEE Computer Society Press, (2000) 301–308
Hansen, P., MladenoviĆ, N.: An introduction to variable neighborhood search. In: S. Voss, S. Martello, I.H. Osman and C. Roucairol (eds.): Meta-Heuristics: Advances and Trends in Local Search Paradigms for Optimization, pages 433–458, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA (1999)
Hansen, P., MladenoviĆ, N.: Variable neighborhood search: Principles and applications. In: Invited papers at Euro XVI. Brussels, Belgium, (1998)
Burke, E.K., Cowling, P.I., Keuthen, R.: Embedded local search and variable neighborhood search heuristics applied to the travelling salesman problem. University of Nottingham, Technical Report (2000)
Reinelt, G.: TSPLIB-A travelling salesman problem library. ORSA-Journal of the Computing 3 (1991) 376–384
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Burke, E.K., Cowling, P.I., Keuthen, R. (2001). Effective Local and Guided Variable Neighbourhood Search Methods for the Asymmetric Travelling Salesman Problem. In: Boers, E.J.W. (eds) Applications of Evolutionary Computing. EvoWorkshops 2001. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2037. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45365-2_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45365-2_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-41920-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45365-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive