Abstract
This paper presents a methodology of specifying, controlling and synchronizing the temporal and spatial characteristics for 3D animation of facial expressions. The proposed approach consists of hierarchical levels of controls. The top level requires direct animator input of global abstract actions and their durations, which correspond to intuitive and natural specifications for facial animation. These actions are then decomposed to less abstract entities and transmitted to lower levels of control. At the lowest level, muscle actions are integrated with their respective intensities to cause the appropriate movement of points in the 3D facial model. This multi-level system encapsulates facial movements linked to both emotion and conversation.
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© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Kalra, P. (1992). A model for creating and visualizing speech and emotion. In: Dale, R., Hovy, E., Rösner, D., Stock, O. (eds) Aspects of Automated Natural Language Generation. IWNLG 1992. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 587. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55399-1_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55399-1_1
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