Skip to main content

Performance evaluation of adaptive routing algorithms for k-ary n-cubes

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Parallel Computer Routing and Communication (PCRCW 1994)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 853))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Deadlock avoidance is a key issue in wormhole networks. A first approach [9] consists in removing the cyclic dependencies between channels. Although the absence of cyclic dependencies is a necessary and sufficient condition for deadlock-free deterministic routing, it is only a sufficient condition for deadlock-free adaptive routing. A more powerful approach [12] only requires the absence of cyclic dependencies on a connected channel subset. Moreover, we proposed a necessary and sufficient condition for deadlock-free adaptive routing [15].

In this paper, we design adaptive routing algorithms for k-ary n-cubes. In particular, we propose partially adaptive and fully adaptive routing algorithms which considerably increase the throughput achieved by the deterministic routing algorithm. Also, we evaluate the performance of the new routing algorithms under both, uniform and non-uniform distribution of message destinations.

This work was supported by the Spanish CICYT under Grant TIC91-1157-C03-03

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. A. Agarwal, “Limits on interconnection network performance”, IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 398–412, Oct. 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  2. W.C. Athas and C.L. Seitz, “Multicomputers: Message-passing concurrent computers,” IEEE Comput. Mag., vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 9–24, Aug. 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  3. P.E. Berman, L. Gravano, G.D. Pifarré and J.L.C. Sanz, “Adaptive deadlock-and livelock-free routing with all minimal paths in torus networks,” in Proc. 4th ACM Symp. Parallel Algorithms Architectures, June 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  4. R.V. Bopana, and S. Chalasani, “A comparison of adaptive wormhole routing algorithms,” in Proc. 20th Annu. Int. Symp. Comput. Architecture, May 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. Borkar et al., “iWarp: An integrated solution to high-speed parallel computing,” in Proc. Supercomputing'88, Nov. 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  6. A.A. Chien and J.H. Kim, “Planar-adaptive routing: Low-cost adaptive networks for multiprocessors,” in Proc. 19th Annu. Int. Symp. Comput. Architecture, May 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  7. A.A. Chien, “A cost and speed model for k-ary n-cube wormhole routers,” in Proc. Hot Interconnects'93, Aug. 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  8. W.J. Dally and C.L. Seitz, “The torus routing chip,” Distributed Comput., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 187–196, Oct. 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  9. W.J. Dally and C.L. Seitz, “Deadlock-free message routing in multiprocessor interconnection networks,” IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. C-36, no. 5, pp. 547–553, May 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  10. W.J. Dally, “Virtual-channel flow control,” IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 194–205, Mar. 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  11. W.J. Dally and H. Aoki, “Deadlock-free adaptive routing in multicomputer networks using virtual channels,” IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 466–475, April 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  12. J. Duato, “On the design of deadlock-free adaptive routing algorithms for multicomputers: design methodologies,” in Proc. Parallel Architectures Languages Europe 91, June 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. Duato, “Deadlock-free adaptive routing algorithms for multicomputers: evaluation of a new algorithm,” in Proc. 3rd IEEE Int. Symp. Parallel Distributed Processing, Dec. 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  14. J. Duato, “A new theory of deadlock-free adaptive routing in wormhole networks,” IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst., vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 1320–1331, Dec. 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  15. J. Duato, “A necessary and sufficient condition for deadlock-free adaptive routing in wormhole networks,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Parallel Processing, Aug. 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  16. P.T. Gaughan and S. Yalamanchili, “Adaptive routing protocols for hypercube interconnection networks,” IEEE Comput. Mag., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 12–23, May 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  17. D. Gelernter, “A DAG-based algorithm for prevention of store-and-forward deadlock in packet networks,” IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. C-30, pp. 709–715, Oct. 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  18. C.J. Glass and L.M. Ni, “The turn model for adaptive routing,” in Proc. 19th Annu. Int. Symp. Comput. Architecture, May 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  19. C.J. Glass and L.M. Ni, “Maximally fully adaptive routing in 2D meshes,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Parallel Processing, Aug. 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  20. K.D. Gunther, “Prevention of deadlocks in packet-switched data transport systems,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-29, pp. 512–524, Apr. 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  21. C.R. Jesshope, P.R. Miller, and J.T. Yantchev, “High performance communications in processor networks,” in Proc. 16th Annu. Int. Symp. Comput. Architecture, May–June 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  22. P. Kermani and L. Kleinrock, “Virtual cut-through: a new computer communication switching technique,” Comput. Networks, vol. 3, pp. 267–286, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  23. J. Kim, A.Chien, “An evaluation of the planar/adaptive routing,” in Proc. 4th IEEE Int. Symp. Parallel Distributed Processing, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  24. S. Konstantinidou, L. Snyder, “Chaos router: Architecture and performance,” in Proc. 18th Annu. Int. Symp. Comput. Architecture, May 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  25. H.T. Kung, “Deadlock avoidance for systolic communication,” in Proc. 15th Annu. Int. Symp. Comput. Architecture, May–June 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  26. X. Lin and L.M. Ni, “Deadlock-free multicast wormhole routing in multicomputer networks,” in Proc. 18th Annu. Int. Symp. Comput. Architecture, May 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  27. X. Lin, P.K. McKinley and L.M. Ni, “The message flow model for routing in wormhole-routed networks,” in Proc. 1993 Int. Conf. Parallel Processing, Aug. 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Z. Liu, J. Duato and L.-E. Thorelli, “Grouping virtual channels for deadlock-free adaptive wormhole routing,” in Proc. Parallel Architectures Languages Europe 93, June 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  29. D.H. Linder and J.C. Harden, “An adaptive and fault tolerant wormhole routing strategy for k-ary n-cubes,” IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. C-40, no. 1, pp. 2–12, Jan. 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  30. P. López and J. Duato, “Deadlock-free adaptive routing algorithms for the 3D-torus: limitations and solutions,” in Proc. Parallel Architectures Languages Europe 93, June 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  31. P.K. McKinley, H. Xu, A. Esfahanian and L.M. Ni, “Unicast-based multicast communication in wormhole-routed networks,” in Proc. 1992 Int. Conf. Parallel Processing, Aug. 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  32. P.M. Merlin and P.J. Schweitzer, “Deadlock avoidance in store-and-forward networks — I: Store-and-forward deadlock,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-28, pp. 345–354, Mar. 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  33. P.R. Miller, “Efficient communications for fine-grain distributed computers,” Ph.D Thesis, Southamptom University, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Kevin Bolding Lawrence Snyder

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Duato, J., López, P. (1994). Performance evaluation of adaptive routing algorithms for k-ary n-cubes. In: Bolding, K., Snyder, L. (eds) Parallel Computer Routing and Communication. PCRCW 1994. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 853. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58429-3_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58429-3_27

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-58429-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48787-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics