Abstract
The use of layered architectures for modeling autonomous agents has become popular over the past few years. In this paper, different approaches how these architectures can be build are discussed. A special case, namely vertically layered architectures is discussed by the example of the InteRRaP agent model. The paper focusses on the lower levels of the architecture which provide reactivity, incorporate procedural knowledge, and which connect the cooperation and planning layers with the outside world. We claim that the lower system layers are likely to become a control bottleneck in vertically layered architectures, and that very careful modeling is required to produce the desired agent behaviour.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
M. Boddy and T. L. Dean. Deliberation scheduling for problem solving in time-constrained environments. Artificial Intelligence, 67:245–285, 1994.
Rodney A. Brooks. A robust layered control system for a mobile robot. In IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, volume RA-2 (1), April 1986.
B. Burmeister and K. Sundermeyer. Cooperative problem-solving guided by intentions and perception. In E. Werner and Y. Demazeau, editors, Decentralized A.I. 3. North-Holland, 1992.
I. A. Ferguson. TouringMachines: An Architecture for Dynamic, Rational, Mobile Agents. PhD thesis, Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK, 1992.
R. James Firby. Building symbolic primitives with continuous control routines. In J. Hendler, editor, Proc. of the First International Conference on AI Planning Systems. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1992.
P. Haddawy and S. Hanks. Utility models for goal-directed decision-theoretic planners, 1994. Submitted to Artificial Intelligence journal.
N. R. Jennings. Joint Intentions as a Model of Multi-Agent Cooperation. PhD thesis, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, August 1992.
L. P. Kaelbling. An architecture for intelligent reactive systems. In J. Allen, J. Hendler, and A. Tate, editors, Readings in Planning, pages 713–728. Morgan Kaufmann, 1990.
D. Kinny, M. Ljungberg, A. Rao, E. Sonenberg, G. Tidhar, and E. Werner. Planned team activity. In A. Cesta, R. Conte, and M. Miceli, editors, Pre-Proceedings of MAAMAW'92, July 1992.
D. M. Lyons and A. J. Hendriks. A practical approach to integrating reaction and deliberation. In Proc. of the 1st International Conference on AI Planning Systems (AIPS), pages 153–162, San Mateo, CA, June 1992. Morgan Kaufmann.
A. H. Maslow. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50:370–396, 1943.
J. P. Müller. Evaluation of plans for multiple agents (preliminary report). In K. Fischer and G. M. P. O'Hare, editors, Working Notes of the ECAI Workshop on Decision Theory for DAI Applications, Amsterdam, NL, August 1994.
J. P. Müller and M. Pischel. Integrating agent interaction into a planner-reactor architecture. In M. Klein, editor, Proc. of the 13th International Workshop on Distributed Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA, USA, July 1994.
A. S. Rao and M. P. Georgeff. Modeling Agents Within a BDI-Architecture. In R. Fikes and E. Sandewall, editors, Proc. of KR'91, Cambridge, Mass., April 1991. Morgan Kaufmann.
D. D. Steiner, A. Burt, M. Kolb, and Ch. Lerin. The conceptual framework of mai2l. In Pre-Proceedings of MAAMAW'93, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, August 1993.
M. Wooldridge. On the Logical Modelling of Computational Multi-Agent Systems. PhD thesis, UMIST, Department of Computation, Manchester, UK, 1992.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Müller, J.P., Pischel, M., Thiel, M. (1995). Modeling reactive behaviour in vertically layered agent architectures. In: Wooldridge, M.J., Jennings, N.R. (eds) Intelligent Agents. ATAL 1994. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 890. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58855-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58855-8_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-58855-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49129-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive