Abstract
The field of AI is now more than 30 years old and has produced a variety of impressive intelligent systems as well as some striking failures. As we continue to raise our goals and expectations, it becomes increasingly clear that simple, single methodology approaches are inadequate. However, the design and implementation of complex, multifaceted systems is quite difficult in general, and there are signs that we are reaching the limits of our ability to hand-construct such AI systems. In this paper I argue that evolutionary algorithms have considerable potential for the design of such systems and that we need to seriously consider the notion of evolving intelligence.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
T. Bäck. Order statistics for convergence velocity analysis of simplified evolutionary algorithms. In L.D. Whitley and M.D. Vose, editors, Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, pages 91–102. Morgan Kaufmann, 1994.
T. Bäck and H.-P. Schwefel. An overview of evolutionary algorithms for parameter optimization. Evolutionary Computation, 1(1):1–23, 1993.
H.G. Beyer. Toward a theory of evolution strategies. Evolutionary Computation, 2(4):381–407, 1994.
K.A. De Jong. Learning with genetic algorithms: An overview. Machine Learning, 3(3):121–138, 1988.
K.A. De Jong, W.M. Spears, and D.F. Gordon. Using genetic algorithms for concept learning. Machine Learning, 13(3):161–188, 1993.
K.A. De Jong, W.M. Spears, and D.F. Gordon. Using markov chains to analyze gafos. In L.D. Whitley and M.D. Vose, editors, Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, pages 115–138. Morgan Kaufmann, 1994.
L.J. Eshelman, editor. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms. Morgan Kaufmann, 1995.
D.B. Fogel. Evolutionary Computation: Toward a New Philosophy of Machine Intelligence. IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, 1995.
L.J. Fogel, A.J. Owens, and M.J. Walsh. Artificial Intelligence through Simulated Evolution. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1966.
A. Giordana, L. Saitta, and F. Zini. Learning disjunctive concepts by means of genetic algorithms. In W. Cohen and H. Hirsh, editors, Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Machine Learning, pages 96–104. Morgan Kaufmann, 1994.
D.E. Goldberg. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning. Addison-Wesley, New York, 1989.
F. Grau. Genetic synthesis of modular neural networks. In S. Forrest, editor, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pages 318–325. Morgan Kaufmann, 1993.
J.J. Grefenstette. A system for learning control strategies with genetic algorithms. In J.D. Schaffer, editor, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pages 183–190. Morgan Kaufmann, 1989.
D.W. Hillis. Co-evolving parasites improve simulated evolution as an optimization procedure. In C.G. Langton, C. Taylor, J.D. Farmer, and S. Rasmussen, editors, Artificial Life II, pages 313–324. Addison-Wesley, 1990.
J.H. Holland. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, 1975.
J.H. Holland. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, 2nd Edition. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993.
J.H. Holland and J.S. Reitman. Cognitive systems based on adaptive algorithms. In D.A. Waterman and F. Hayes-Roth, editors, Pattern-Directed Inference Systems. Academic Press, 1978.
C.Z. Janikow. A knowledge intensive genetic algorithm for supervised learning. Machine Learning, 13(3):198–228, 1993.
S. Kobayashi, I. Ono, and M. Yamamura. An efficient genetic algorithm for job shop scheduling problems. In L.J. Eshelman, editor, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pages 506–511. Morgan Kaufmann, 1995.
J.R. Koza. Genetic Programming. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1992.
J.R. Koza. Genetic Programming II. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994.
J. Lienig and K. Thulasiraman. A genetic algorithm for channel routing in vlsi circuits. Evolutionary Computation, 1(4):293–312, 1993.
Z. Michalewicz. Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1994.
C.C. Peck and A.P. Dhawan. Genetic algorithms as global random search methods. Evolutionary Computation, 3(1):39–80, 1995.
M.A. Potter and K.A. De Jong. A cooperative coevolutionary approach to function optimization. In Y. Davidor and Schwefel H.-P., editors, Proceedings of the Third Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, pages 249–257. Springer-Verlag, 1994.
I. Rechenberg. Cybernetic solution path of an experimental problem. In Library Translation 1122. Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, 1965.
J.P. Ros. Learning boolean functions with genetic algorithms: A pac analysis. In L.D. Whitley, editor, Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, pages 257–276. Morgan Kaufmann, 1992.
H.P. Schwefel. Numerical Optimization of Computer Models. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1981.
H.P. Schwefel. Evolution and Optimum Seeking. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995.
S.F. Smith. Flexible learning of problem solving heuristics through adaptive search. In A. Bundy, editor, Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 422–425. William Kaufmann, 1983.
W.M. Spears. Simple subpopulation schemes. In A.V. Sebald and D.B. Fogel, editors, Proceedings of the Third Conference on Evolutionary Programming, pages 297–307. World Scientific Publ., 1994.
M.D. Vose. Modeling simple genetic algorithms. In L.D. Whitley, editor, Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, pages 63–74. Morgan Kaufmann, 1992.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
De Jong, K.A. (1996). On evolving intelligence. In: Raś, Z.W., Michalewicz, M. (eds) Foundations of Intelligent Systems. ISMIS 1996. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1079. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61286-6_140
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61286-6_140
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-61286-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68440-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive