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Charge-Based Solid-State Flying Qubits

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Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science

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Abbreviations

Bit:

Elementary unit of classical information represented by a binary digit.

Qubit (or quantum bit):

Elementary unit of quantum information. The qubit refers also to the physical system whose state encodes the qubit of information.

Quantum gate:

Logical operation performed on one or a few qubits, that change their state according to a unitary transformation. Quantum gates are reversible by definition.

Quantum entanglement:

Property possessed by two or more quantum systems, when the state of the global system that includes all of them cannot be described by the simple composition of their states. Two entangled systems show quantum correlations between their states that have no classical analogue.

Bell's inequality:

Relation between two sets of measurements performed on two quantum systems spatially separated. Bell's inequality can only be violated if the two systems are entangled.

Quantum wire:

Metallic or semiconductor wire with nanometric thickness. While the longitudinal current carrying states form a continuum in the energy spectrum, the transverse component of the carriers wave functions originates a discrete spectrum.

Two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG):

Gas of electrons that are quantum‐confined in one dimension and free to move in the remaining two. In the confinement direction the single‐particle states have a quantized energy spectrum. 2DEGs are usually obtained through the modulation of the material conduction band in a semiconductor heterostructure.

Surface acoustic wave (SAW):

Elastic acoustic wave that propagates on the surface of a material. In piezoelectric materials SAWs couples with electrons through the SAW‐induced piezoelectric field.

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Acknowledgment

I would like to express my sincere thanks to the groups of Carlo Jacoboni and Massimo Rudan,that performed, together with the author, a large part of the work here reported. Furthermore, I thank, for most fruitful discussions, Marco Fanciulliand Peter Vogl.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNR-INFM National Research Center on NanoStructures and BioSystems at Surfaces (S3), Modena, Italy

    Andrea Bertoni

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  1. Andrea Bertoni
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. RAMTECH LIMITED, 122 Escalle Lane, Larkspur, CA, 94939, USA

    Robert A. Meyers Ph. D. (Editor-in-Chief) (Editor-in-Chief)

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© 2009 Springer-Verlag

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Bertoni, A. (2009). Charge-Based Solid-State Flying Qubits. In: Meyers, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_67

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