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Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing pp 398–402Cite as

Microwave Subsurface Propagation and Scattering

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Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

Definitions

Subsurface. Natural materials (soils, rock, snow, ice) below air–ground interface.

Ground-penetrating radar. Radar for subsurface sensing. It locates, images, and characterizes changes in electrical and magnetic properties of subsurface materials.

Introduction

The first description of microwaves use for subsurface sensing is attributed to a German patent by Leimbach and Löwy from 1910 (Daniels, 2004). In this patent, propagation of microwaves between pairs of vertically buried dipole antennas has been used to detect any subsurface objects with higher conductivity than the surrounding medium. Only monochromatic electromagnetic waves have been considered in this patent. The first use of electromagnetic pulses with a broad spectrum to determine the structure of buried objects is attributed to Hülsenbeck (Hülsenbeck et al., 1926). It was noted that any dielectric variation, not necessarily involving conductivity, would also produce reflections. The first ever experiments with...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Alexander Yarovoy

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  1. Alexander Yarovoy
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Correspondence to Alexander Yarovoy .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

    Eni G. Njoku

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Yarovoy, A. (2014). Microwave Subsurface Propagation and Scattering. In: Njoku, E.G. (eds) Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_103

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