Abstract
This paper proposes a new method called Concentric Coordinate for visualizing multidimensional datasets. To reduce the overlapping and edge crossings among curves, axes are arranged as concentric circles rather than parallel lines that are commonly used in the traditional approach. Edges which represent data items are drawn as segments of curves rather than poly-lines drawn in the classical parallel coordinate approach. Some heuristics are applied in our new method in order to improve the readability of views. The paper demonstrates the advantages of new method. In comparison with the parallel coordinate method, our concentric circle approach can reduce more than 15 % of the edge overlaps and crossings by visualizing the same dataset. In our new approach, we further enhance the readability of views by increasing the crossing angle. Finally, a visual interactive network scans detection system called CCScanViewer is developed based on our new visualization method to represent traffic activities in network flows, and the experiments show that the new approach is effective in detecting unusual patterns of network scans, port scans, the hidden scans, DDoS attacks etc.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
A. Inselberg and B. Dimsdale. Parallel Coordinates: A Tool for Visualizing Multi-Dimensional Geometry. In proceedings of Visualization ’90, pages 361–370, 1990.
M. Kaufmann and D. Wagner. Drawing Graphs, Springer, 2001.
R. Rudell. Dynamic Variable Ordering for Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams. In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-aided Design (ICCAD ’93), pages 42–47.
C. Matuszewski, R. Schönfeld, and P. Molitor. Using Sifting for k-Layer Straightline Crossing Minimization. In Proceedings of 7th Graph Drawing Conference (GD ’99), pages 217–224.
Daniel A. Keim. Designing Pixel-Oriented Visualization Techniques: Theory and Applications. IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 6(1):59–78, 2000.
E.R. Tufte. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Graphics Press, 1983.
Colin Ware, Helen Purchase, Linda Colpoys and Matthew McGill. Cognitive Measurements of Graph Aesthetics. Information Visualization, 1(2): 103–110, 2002.
Huang, W. and Eades, P. How people read graphs. In Proceedings Asia Pacific Symposium on Information Visualization (APVIS 2005), 47–53.
Christian Bachmaier. A Radial Adaptation of the Sugiyama Framework for Visualizing Hierarchical Information. IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphic, 13(3):583–594, 2007.
U. Brandes, P. Kenis, and D. Wagner. Communicating Centrality in Policy Network Drawings. IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 9(2):241–253, 2003.
Harri Siirtolam and Kari-Jouko Raiha. Interacting with parallel coordinates. Interacting with Computers, 18(6):1278–1309, 2006.
Y.-H. Fua, M. O. Ward, and E. A. Rundensteiner. Hierarchical parallel coordinates for exploration of large datasets. In Proc. of IEEE Visualization, pages 43–50, 1999.
Jimmy Johansson, Patric Ljung, Mikael Jern and Matthew Cooper. Revealing Structure within Clustered Parallel Coordinates Displays. In Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (INFOVIS’05), pages 125–132.
Robert Kosara, Fabian Bendix, and Helwig Hauser. Parallel Sets: Interactive Exploration and Visual Analysis of Categorical Data. IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 12(4):558–568, 2006.
Geoffrey Ellis and Alan Dix. Enabling Automatic Clutter Reduction in Parallel Coordinates Plots. IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 12(5):717–723, 2006.
Matej Novotny and Helwig Hauser. Outlier-preserving Focus+Context Visualization in Parallel Coordinates. IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 12(5):893-900, 2006.
Ying-Huey Fua, Matthew O. Ward and Elke A. Rundensteiner. Navigating Hierarchies with Structure-Based Brushes. In Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (INFOVIS’99), pages 58–64.
Jimmy Johansson, Matthew Cooper and Mikael Jern. 3-Dimensional Display for Clustered Multi-Relational Parallel Coordinates. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV’05), pages 188–193.
Emilio Di Giacomo, Walter Didimo, Giuseppe Liotta. Radial Drawings of Graphs: Geometric Constraints and Trade-off. In Proceedings of 7th Graph Drawing Conference (GD’06), pages 355–366.
G.P. Ellis and A. Dix. Density control through random sampling : an architectural perspective. In Proceedings of International Conference on Information Visualization (IV’02), pages 82-90.
Almir Oivertte Artero, Maria Cristina Ferreira de Oliveria and Haim Levkowitz. Uncovering Clusters in Crowded Parallel Coordinates Visualizations. In Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (INFOVIS’04), pages 81–88.
Daniel A. Keim. Information Visualization and Visual Data Mining. IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 8(1):1–8, 2002.
Wei Peng, Matthew O. Ward, and Elke A. Rundensteiner. Clutter Reduction in Multi-Dimensional Data Visualization Using Dimension Reordering. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004 (INFOVIS’04), pages 89–96.
Keim, D.A.; Mansmann, F.; Schneidewind, J.; Schreck, T., Monitoring Network Traffic with Radial Traffic Analyzer Visual Analytics And Technology. In proceedings IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology 2006 (VAST 2006), pages:123–128
Roel Vliegen, Jarke J.van Wijk and Erik-Jan van der Linden. Visualizing Business Data with Generalized Treemaps, IEEE Transaction on. Visualization and Computer Graphics, 12(5):789-796, 2006.
Wegenkittl R, Löffelmann H, Gröller E. Visualizing the behaviour of higher dimensional dynamical systems. IEEE Visualization 1997 (Phoenix, USA, 1997), ACM Press: New York; 119125
Tominski C, Abello J, Schumann H. Axes-based visualizations with radial layouts. ACM Symposium on Applied Computing 2004 (Nicosia, Cyprus, 2004), ACM Press: New York; 12421247.
Forsell C, Johansson J. Task-based evaluation of multi-relational 3D and standard 2D parallel coordinates. IS&T/SPIE’s International Symposium on Electronic Imaging, Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2007 (San Jose, USA, 2007), SPIE: Bellingham and IS&T:Springfield; 64950C-112.
C.Muelder, , Ma, K.L., Bartoletti, T.: A visualization methodology for characterization of network scans. Visualization for Computer Security, IEEE Workshops, pp. 4–4 (2005)
G.Conti,Abdullah, K.: “Passive visual fingerprinting of network attack tools”. VizSEC/DMSEC ’04: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM Workshop on Visualization and Data Mining for Computer Security, 2004,pp. 45–54
J.McPherson, ,Ma, K.L., Krystosk, P., Bartoletti, T., Christensen,M.: Portvis: “A tool for port-based detection of security events”. In: ACM VizSEC 2004 Workshop, 2004,pp.73–81
Pin Ren, Yan Gao and Zhichun Li, “IDGraphs: Intrusion Detection and Analysis Using Histographs”, Visualization for Computer Security, 2005, pp.39-46
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60673196 and the Applied Foundation Research Project of Tianjin under Grant No.07F2030.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag US
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhang, J. et al. (2009). Multi-dimensional Data Visualization using Concentric Coordinates. In: Huang, M., Nguyen, Q., Zhang, K. (eds) Visual Information Communication. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0312-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0312-9_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0311-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-0312-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)