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Keeloq

  • Reference work entry
Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security

Related Concepts

Block Ciphers; Challenge Response Protocol; Cryptanalysis; Eavesdropping Attack; Power Analysis; Side-Channel Attack; Symmetric Cryptography

Definition

Keeloq is a lightweight block cipher mainly used in low-end embedded processors and low-cost application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for remote keyless entry (RKE) systems. The cipher does not withstand modern cryptanalysis and is regarded as insecure.

Background

Keeloq was designed in the 1980’s at the South-African company Nanoteq Ltd. and it was sold to Microchip Technology Inc. in 1995. Keeloq is intended for a number of security applications, including vehicle alarms and garage door openers, commonly referred to as remote keyless entry applications. Even though manufacturers of such systems typically do not disclose which security mechanism is used, there are indications that Keeloq was, and probably still is, a popular choice.

Keeloq is a proprietary algorithm Hence, details on its operation are only...

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Recommended Reading

  1. Physical cryptanalysis of KeeLoq. www.crypto.rub.de/keeloq

  2. Bogdanov A (2007) Attacks on the KeeLoq block cipher and authentication system. In: Third conference on RFID security (RFIDSec 2007), Malaga. http://rfidsec07.etsit.uma.es/slides/papers/paper-22.pdf

  3. Brier E, Clavier C, Olivier F (2004) Correlation power analysis with a leakage model. In: CHES 2004. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 3156. Springer, New York

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  4. Courtois NT, Bard GV, Bogdanov A (2008) Periodic ciphers with small blocks and cryptanalysis of KeeLoq. In: Tatra Mountains mathematical publication

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  5. Courtois NT, Bard GV, Wagner D (2008) Algebraic and slide attacks on KeeLoq. In: FSE 2008. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 5086. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 203–220

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  6. Eisenbarth T, Kasper T, Moradi A, Paar C, Salmasizadeh M, Manzuri Shalmani MT (2008) On the power of power analysis in the real world: A complete break of the KeeLoq code hopping scheme. In: Wagner D (ed) CRYPTO. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 5157. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 203–220

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  7. Güneysu T, Kasper T, Novotný, Paar C, Rupp A (2008) Cryptanalysis with COPACOBANA. IEEE Trans Comput 57(11): 1498–1513

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Indesteege S, Keller N, Dunkelman O, Biham E, Preneel B (2008) A practical attack on KeeLoq. In: Smart NP (ed) EUROCRYPT 2008. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 4965. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 1–18

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  9. Kasper M, Kasper T, Moradi A, Paar C (2009) Breaking KeeLoq in a flash: on extracting keys at lightning speed. In: Progress in cryptology – AFRICACRYPT 2009. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 5580. Springer, New York, pp 403–420

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  10. Kocher PC, Jaffe J, Jun B (1999) Differential power analysis. In: CRYPTO 1999. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 1666. Springer, Heidelberg

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  11. Microchip. An introduction to KeeLoq code hopping. http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/91002a.pdf

  12. Novotný M, Kasper T (2009) Cryptanalysis of KeeLoq with COPACOBNA. In: Workshop on special purpose hardware for attaching cryptographic systems (SHARCS’09), Lausanne

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA

    Thomas Eisenbarth

  2. Horst Görst Institute for IT Security, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany

    Timo Kasper

  3. Lehrstuhl Embedded Security, Gebaeude IC 4/132, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum, Germany

    Christof Paar

  4. Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT/COSIC]Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT/COSIC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and IBBT, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 Bus 2446, B-3001, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium

    Sebastiaan Indesteege

Authors
  1. Thomas Eisenbarth
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  2. Timo Kasper
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  3. Christof Paar
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  4. Sebastiaan Indesteege
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics and Computing Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Henk C. A. van Tilborg

  2. Center for Secure Information Systems, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030-4422, USA

    Sushil Jajodia

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Eisenbarth, T., Kasper, T., Paar, C., Indesteege, S. (2011). Keeloq. In: van Tilborg, H.C.A., Jajodia, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5906-5_587

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