Abstract
This chapter presents a summary of the physiological processes that support key visual functional capabilities such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and field of view. The chapter also considers some of the most common causes of visual dysfunction and their impact on the visual capabilities that are necessary for successful interaction with contemporary computer systems, particularly for access to the World Wide Web (the Web). The chapter then outlines some of the key steps that have been taken in the last few years to promote the appropriate access to the World Wide Web by users who might have restrictions in their visual functionalities, as described.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abou-Zahra S (2008) Web accessibility evaluation web accessibility: a foundation for research. Springer, pp 79–106
Apple (2018) Accessibility. https://www.apple.com/accessibility/. Accessed 12 June 2018
Brunsell E, Horejsi M (2011) Personalizing the PC for accessibility. Sci Teach 78(3):10
Card SK, Moran TP, Newell A (1983) The psychology of human computer interaction. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ
de Jonge D (2014) Beyond adaptation: getting smarter with assistive technology. Int J Ther Rehabil 21(12):556–557. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2014.21.12.556
Dix A, Finlay J, Abowd G, Beale R (1998) Human–computer interaction, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall
Donker H, Klante P, Gorny P (2002) The design of auditory interfaces for blind users. In: Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on human–computer interaction, pp 149–156
Dores C, Reis L, Paulo S, Vasco Lopes N (2014) Internet of things and cloud computing, pp 1–4
Gingermind Technologies (2017) Eye-D vision impairment should pose no challenge for easy access to information or opportunities. https://eye-d.in/. Accessed 12 Dec 2017
Ginsburg AP, Hendeee WR (1993) Quantification of visual capability. In: Hendee WR, Wells PNT (eds) The perception of visual information. Springer, New York
GitHub (2018) NVDA, the free and open source screen reader for microsoft windows. https://github.com/nvaccess/nvda. Accessed 11 June 2018
Gonçalves D, Carriço L, Vigo M (2011) Mobile accessibility workshop, vol. 6949. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 734–735
González ÁL, Mariscal G, Martínez L, Ruiz C (2007) Comparative analysis of the accessibility of desktop operating systems. In: Stephanidis C (ed) Universal access in human computer interaction. Coping with Diversity. UAHCI 2007. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 4554. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Google (2018) Accessibility. https://www.google.com/accessibility/. Accessed 10 June 2018
Guyton AC, Hall JE (1996) Textbook of medical physiology, 9th edn. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA
Hennig N (2016) Natural user interfaces and accessibility. Libr Technol Rep 52(3):5–17, 12
Hollier S (2006) The disability divide: a study into the impact of computing and internet-related technologies on people who are blind or vision impaired/Scott Emery Hollier. Ph.D. thesis, Curtin University of Technology
Hollier S (2013) The android accessibility journey: a vision impaired user perspective. Media access Australia. http://www.mediaaccess.org.au/latest_news/general/the-android-accessibility-journey-a-vision-impaired-user-perspective. Accessed 29 Sept 2013
Hollier S, Brown J (2014) Web accessibility implications and responsibilities: an Australian election case study. In: Proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand communication association annual conference, Swinburne University, Victoria, 9–11 July
Hollier S, McRae L, Ellis K, Kent M (2017) Internet of things (IoT) education: implications for students with disabilities. Curtin University. Note: this version of the report was specifically prepared for the support W3C processes. https://www.w3.org/WAI/APA/wiki/Web_of_Things. Accessed 11 June 2018
Jacko JA, Scott IU, Barreto AB, Bautsch HS, Chu JYM, Fain WB (2001) Iconic visual search strategies: a comparison of computer users with AMD versus computer users with normal vision. In: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on human–computer interaction. HCI International, New Orleans, LA
Jacko JA, Vittense HS, Scott IU (2002) Perceptual impairments and computing technologies. In: Jacko JA, Sears A (eds) The human–computer interaction handbook: fundamentals, evolving technologies and emerging applications. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc., Mahwah, NJ, pp 504–522
Jaeger P (2002) Section 508 goes to the library: complying with federal legal standards to produce accessible electronic and information technology in libraries. Inf Technol Disabil 8(2)
Kalpana J, Arvinder K (2013) Mobile metrics: measuring the accessibility of web contents on mobile handsets. Softw Qual Prof 15(2):16
Lazzaro J, American Library Association (2001) Adaptive technologies for learning & work environments. American Library Association, Chicago
Leporini B, Buzzi MC, Buzzi M (2012) Interacting with mobile devices via voiceOver: usability and accessibility issues. In: Proceedings of the 24th Australian computer–human interaction conference (OzCHI’12), pp 339–348
Martini FH, Nath JL, Bartholomew EF (2014) Fundamentals of anatomy & physiology, 10th edn. Pearson, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Microsoft (2014) Windows 2000 accessibility tutorials. http://www.microsoft.com/enable/training/windows2000/
Microsoft (2017) Seeing AI app. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/seeing-ai. Accessed 13 Dec 2017
Microsoft (2018) Microsoft accessibility. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/accessibility. Accessed 13 June
Mitchell N (2016) The 2016 state of the speech technology industry. Speech Technol 21(1):29–41
Nicolau H, Guerreiro J, Guerreiro T (2014) Stressing the boundaries of mobile accessibility
NV Access (2018) Download NVDA. https://www.nvaccess.org/download/. Accessed 11 June 2018
Pedlow R (2002) Who benefits from accessible web content? Why Australian organisations should make their web presence accessible to all. Telecommun J Aust 53(4)
Peli E, Arend LE, Timberlake GT (1986) Computerized image enhancement for low vision: new technology, new possibilities. J Vis Impair Blind 80:849–854
Pelli DG, Robson JG, Wilkins AJ (1988) The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity. Clin Vis Sci 2(3):187–199
Raman TV (2008) Cloud computing and equal access for all. In: Paper presented at the W4A 2008. Beijing, China, 21–22 April 2008
Su JC, Uslan MM (1998) A review of ZoomText Xtra screen magnification program for Windows 95. J Vis Impair Blind (JVIB) 92(2):116–119
Supalo CA, Mallouk TE, Amorosi C, Rankel L, Wohlers HD, Roth A, Greenberg A (2007) Talking tools to assist students who are blind in laboratory courses. J Sci Educ Stud Disabil 12(1, Winter):27–32
World Wide Web Consortium (2017) Silver talk force. https://www.w3.org/WAI/GL/task-forces/silver/. Accessed 12 Dec 2017
World Wide Web Consortium (2008) Web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/. Accessed 17 Dec 2013
World Wide Web Consortium (2018) Web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG) 2.1. http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/. Accessed 14 June 2018
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Barreto, A., Hollier, S. (2019). Visual Disabilities. In: Yesilada, Y., Harper, S. (eds) Web Accessibility. Human–Computer Interaction Series. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7440-0_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7440-0_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-7439-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-7440-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)