Abstract
In this chapter, we describe how we can model crowds in real-time using dynamic meshes, static meshes and impostors.Techniques to introduce variety in crowds including colors, shapes, textures, individual animation, individualized path-planning, simple and complex accessories are explained. We also present a hybrid architecture to handle the path planning of thousands of pedestrians in real time, while ensuring dynamic collision avoidance. Several behavioral aspects are presented as gaze control, group behavior, as well as the specific technique of crowd patches. Several case-studies are shown in cultural heritage and social phobia.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Musse, S.R., Thalmann, D.: A model of human crowd behavior. In: Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation ’97, Budapest, pp. 39–51. Springer, Wien (1997)
Thalmann, D., Musse, S.R.: Crowd Simulation, 2nd edn. Springer, London (2012)
Dobbyn, S., Hamill, J., O’Conor, K., O’Sullivan, C.: Geopostors: a realtime geometry/impostor crowd rendering system. In: SI3D ’05: Proceedings of the 2005 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, New York, pp. 95–102. ACM (2005)
Maïm, J., Yersin, B., Pettré, J., Thalmann, D.: YaQ: an architecture for real-time navigation and rendering of varied crowds. IEEE Comput. Grap. Appl. 29(4), 44–53 (2009)
McDonnell, R., Larkin, M., Dobbyn, S., Collins, S., O’Sullivan, C.: Clone attack! per-ception of crowd variety. ACM Trans. Graph. 27(3), 1–8 (2008)
Glardon, P., Boulic, R.Thalmann, D.: Robust on-line adaptive footplant detection and enforcement for locomotion. Vis. Comput. 22(3), 194–209 (2006)
Glardon, P., Boulic, R., Thalmann, D.: PCA-based walking engine using motion capture data. In: Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA (2004)
Tecchia, F., Loscos, C., Chrysanthou, Y.: Visualizing crowds in real-time. Comput. Graph. Forum 21(4), 753–765 (2002)
Gosselin, D., Sander, P.V., Mitchell, J.L.: Drawing a crowd. In: Engel, W. (ed.) ShaderX3: Advanced Rendering Techniques in DirectX and OpenGL. Charles River Media, Cambridge (2004)
Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Seo, H., Cordier, F.: Automatic modeling of virtual humans and body clothing. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH ACM, New York, pp. 19–26 (2003)
Yersin, B., Maïm, J., Thalmann, D.: Unique instances for crowds. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 29(6), 82–90 (2009)
Lamarche, F., Donikian, S.: Crowd of virtual humans: a new approach for real time navigation in complex and structured environments. Comput. Graph. Forum 23(3), 509–518 (2004)
Pelechano, N., Allbeck, J., Badler, N.: Controlling individual agents in high-density crowd simulation. In: SCA ’07, ACM/Eurographics, NY and Geneva (2007)
Pettré, J., de Heras Ciechomski, P., Maïm, J., Yersin, B., Laumond, J.-P., Thalmann, D.: Real-time navigating crowds: scalable simulation and rendering. J. Vis. Comput. Animat. 17(3–4), 445–455 (2006)
Pettre, J., Grillon, H., Thalmann, D.: Crowds of moving objects: navigation planning and simulation. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 3062–3067 (2007)
Treuille, A., Cooper, S., Popovic, Z.: Continuum crowds. In: Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH 2006, ACM, New York, USA, pp. 1160–1168 (2006)
Morini, F., Yersin, B., Maïm, J., Thalmann, D.: Real-time scalable motion planning for crowds. Vis. Comput. 24(10), 859–870 (2008)
Reynolds, C.W.: Steering behaviors for autonomous characters. In: Proceedings of Game Developers Conference, San Jose, pp. 763–782 (1999)
Grillon, H., Thalmann, D.: Simulating gaze attention behaviors for crowds. Comput. Animat. Virtual Worlds 3–4, 111–119 (2009)
Musse, S.R., Thalmann, D.: A hierarchical model for real time simulation of virtual human crowds. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 7(2), 152–164 (2001)
Yersin, B., Maïm, J., Pettré, J., Thalmann, D.: Crowd patches: populating large-scale virtual environments for real-time applications. Proceedings of I3D, ACM, New York (2009)
Maïm, J., Haegler, S., Yersin, B., Mueller, P., Thalmann, D., Van Gool, L.: Populating ancient pompeii with crowds of virtual romans. Proceedings of the VAST 2007, Eurographics Association, Geneva, pp. 109–116 (2007)
Peternier, A., Cardin, S., Vexo, F., Thalmann, D.: Practical design and implementation of a CAVE environment. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computer Graphics, Theory and Applications GRAPP 2007, Barcelona (2007)
Acknowledgements
Most of this research has been performed at the VRlab in EPFL, directed by the first author.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Thalmann, D., Grillon, H., Maïm, J., Yersin, B. (2013). Scalable Solutions for Simulating, Animating, and Rendering Real-Time Crowds of Diverse Virtual Humans. In: Ali, S., Nishino, K., Manocha, D., Shah, M. (eds) Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds. The International Series in Video Computing, vol 11. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8483-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8483-7_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8482-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8483-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)