Skip to main content

Tactical Reasoning Through Context-Based Reasoning

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter describes and discusses Context-Based Reasoning (CxBR), a human behavior representation paradigm based on context and designed for use in modeling tactical reasoning. This chapter describes CxBR both formally and informally, and discusses experiences in developing and applying this concept, its advantages and its opportunities for improvement.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    A mission need not be military in nature. I refer to mission as the process of an agent seeking to achieve a simple or complex objective. I think it has a more appropriate connotation than task.

  2. 2.

    We do not use the term activate a Minor Context to avoid confusion with the Major Context. We assume that the Major Context that calls the Sub-Context remains active.

References

  • Barrett, G.A., Gonzalez, A.J.: Effective agent collaboration through improved communication by means of contextual reasoning. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 26(2), 129–157 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brézillon , P.: Context in problem solving: a survey. Knowl. Eng. Rev. 14(1), 47–80 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J.C.: Application and evaluation of the context-based reasoning paradigm. Master’s Thesis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Drewes, P.J., Gonzalez, A. J., Gerber, W.: Interpreting trainee intent in real time in a simulation-based training system. Trans. Soc. Comput. Simul. 17(3), 120–134 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fazenda, P., Carreira, P., Lima, P.: Context-based reasoning in smart buildings. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Information Technology for Energy Applications, vol. 923, pp. 131-142. Lisboa (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Feigenbaum, E.A..: Themes and case studies of knowledge engineering. In: Michie, D (ed.) Expert Systems in the Micro-Electronic Age, pp. 3-25. Edinburg University Press, Edinburg (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernlund, H., Gonzalez, A.J., Georgiopoulos, M., DeMara, R.F.: Learning tactical human behavior through observation of human performance. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B. Cybern. 36(1), 128–140 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernlund, H., Gonzalez, A.J., Ekblad, J., Rodriguez, A.: Trainee evaluation through after action review by comparison. J. Def. Model. Simul. 6, 135–150 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, A., Gonzalez, A.J.: Modeling platform behaviors under degraded states. Proceedings of the Inter-service/Industry Training Systems and Education Conference (I/ITSEC), Orlando (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, A.J., Ahlers, R.H.: Concise representation of autonomous intelligent platforms in a simulation through the use of scripts. Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, A.J., Ahlers, R.H.: Context-based representation of intelligent behavior in training simulations. Trans Soc Comput. Simul. 15(4), 153–166 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, A.J., Osborne, R.L., Kemper, C.T., Lowenfeld, S.: On-line diagnosis of turbine-generators using artificial intelligence. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. EC-1(2), 68-74 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, F.G., Grejs, P., Gonzalez, A. J.: Autonomous automobile behavior through context-based reasoning. Proceedings of the International FLAIRS Conference, Orlando (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, A.J., Castro, J., Gerber, W.E.: Automating the acquisition of tactical knowledge for military missions. J. Def. Model. Simul. 3(1), 145–160 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, A.J., Georgiopoulos, M., DeMara, R.F.: Maintaining coherence among entities’ states in a distributed multi-agent system. J. Def. Model. Simul. 4(2), 147–172 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, A.J., Stensrud, B.S., Barrett, G.: Formalizing context-based reasoning-a modeling paradigm for representing tactical human behavior. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 23(7), 822–847 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, A.J., Tsuruta, S., Sakurai, Y., Nguyen, J.V., Takada, K., Uchida, K.: Using contexts to supervise a collaborative process. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Eng. Desi. Anal. Manuf. 25(1), 25–40 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grama, C., Pollak, E., Brasch, R., Wartski, J., Gonzalez, A.J.: Automated generation of plans through the use of context-based reasoning. In: Proceedings of the International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference. Sanibel Island, FL (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Z., Liu, J.: The research of ASW helicopter ACGF construction based on CXBR. International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security Workshops (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung, V.C., Gonzalez, A.J.: Context-centric speech-based human-computer interaction. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 28(10), 1010–1037 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C.L., Gonzalez, A.J.: Learning collaborative behavior by observation. Expert. Syst. Appl. 41, 2316–2328 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luotsinen, L.J., Ekblad, J.N., Wu, A.S., Gonzalez, A.J., Bölöni, L.A.: Two-stage genetic programming approach for non-player characters. FuturePlay, The International Academic Conference on the Future of Game Design and Technology, East Lansing, Michigan (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • McDermott, J.: R1: A rule-based configurer of computer systems. Artif. Intell. 19(1), 39–88 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norlander, L.: A framework for efficient implementation of context-based reasoning in intelligent simulations. Master’s Thesis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, J.E., Hollister, D.L., Gonzalez, A. J., Brézillon, P., Parker, S.T.: Looking for a synergy between human and artificial cognition. CONTEXT Conference, Annecy (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Patz, B., Papelis, Y., Pillat, R., Stein, G., Harper, D.: A practical approach to robotic design for the DARPA Urban Challenge. J Field Robot. 25(80), 528–566 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saeki, S., Gonzalez, A.J.: The competing context concept for CGF’s: experimental results. Proceedings of the Inter-service/Industry Training Systems and Education Conference (I/ITSEC), Orlando (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Selfridge, O.: Pandemonium: A paradigm for learning. Proceedings of the symposium for mechanization of thought and processes (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidani, T.A., Gonzalez, A.J.: A framework for learning implicit expert knowledge through observation. Trans. Soc.Comput. Simul. 17(2), 54–72 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, G., Gonzalez, A.J.: Learning in context: Enhancing machine learning with context-based reasoning. Appl. Intell. (in print)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stensrud, B.S., Gonzalez, A. J.: Discovery of high-level behavior from observation of human performance in a strategic game. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B. Cybern. 38(3), 855–874 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, P.W., Wescourt, K.T.: Modeling time-stressed situation assessment and planning for intelligent opponent simulation. Office of Naval Research. Technical Report PPAFTR-1124-84-1 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trinh, V.C., Gonzalez, A.J.: Identifying contexts from observed human performance. IEEE. Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. 43(4), 359–370 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trinh, V.C., Stensrud, B.S., Gonzalez, A.J.: Implementation of a prototype context-based reasoning model onto a physical platform. Proceedings of the Second Swedish-American Workshop on Modeling and Simulation, Cocoa Beach (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R.M.: Context-sensitive reasoning for autonomous agents and cooperative distributed problem solving. Proceedings of the 1993 IJCAI Workshop on Using Knowledge in Context, Chambery (1993)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gonzalez, A. (2014). Tactical Reasoning Through Context-Based Reasoning. In: Brézillon, P., Gonzalez, A. (eds) Context in Computing. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1887-4_30

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1887-4_30

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1886-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1887-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics