Abstract
The estimation of line is important in numerous practical applications. The most difficult case if the line is dim, even hidden in background noise. The application of Track–Before–Detect algorithms allows the tracking of such line. Additional preprocessing using shallow neural network trained for the detection of line features is proposed in this paper. Four variant of data fusion from neural network are compared. Direct output of neural network that works as a classifier gives best results for Mean Absolute Error (MAE) metric. Similar results are obtained if output of neural network is used as a mask for input image. Monte Carlo test are used for unbiased results. Test shows improvement of MAE about two times. The application of binary output from neural network is wrong solution and the error is largest. The influence of the number of convolutional layer neurons is not significant in this test.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bar-Shalom, Y.: Multitarget-Multisensor Tracking: Applications and Advances, vol. II. Artech House, Norwood (1992)
Bertsekas, D.: Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control, vol. I. Athena Scientific, Belmont (1995)
Blackman, S.: Multiple-Target Tracking with Radar Applications. Artech House, Norwood (1986)
Blackman, S., Popoli, R.: Design and Analysis of Modern Tracking Systems. Artech House, Norwood (1999)
Boers, Y., Ehlers, F., Koch, W., Luginbuhl, T., Stone, L.D., Streit, R.L.: Track before detect algorithms. EURASIP J. Adv. Sig. Process. 2008, 2 pages (2008). Article ID 413932, https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/413932
Chen, Z., Ellis, T.: Automatic lane detection from vehicle motion trajectories. In: Workshop on Vehicle Retrieval in Surveillance (VRS) in conjunction with 2013 10th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, pp. 466–471 (2013)
Deans, S.R.: The Radon Transform and Some of Its Applications. Wiley, New York (1983)
Dupois, J.F., Parizeau, M.: Evolving a vision-based line-following robot controller. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Canadian Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (CRV 2006), p. 75 (2006)
Golightly, I., Jones, D.: Visual control of an unmanned aerial vehicle for power line inspection. In: 12th International Conference on Advanced Robotics, ICAR 2005, pp. 288–295, July 2005
LeCun, Y., Kavukcuoglu, K., Farabet, C.: Convolutional networks and applications in vision. In: Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 253–256, May 2010
Matczak, G., Mazurek, P.: History dependent Viterbi algorithm for navigation purposes of line following robot. Image Process. Commun. 20(4), 5–11 (2016)
Matczak, G., Mazurek, P.: Dim line tracking using deep learning for autonomous line following robot. In: Silhavy, R., Senkerik, R., Kominkova Oplatkova, Z., Prokopova, Z., Silhavy, P. (eds.) CSOC 2017. AISC, vol. 573, pp. 414–423. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57261-1_41
Mazurek, P.: Line estimation using the Viterbi algorithm and track-before-detect approach for line following mobile robots. In: 2014 19th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR), pp. 788–793, September 2014
Mazurek, P.: Directional filter and the viterbi algorithm for line following robots. In: Chmielewski, L.J., Kozera, R., Shin, B.-S., Wojciechowski, K. (eds.) ICCVG 2014. LNCS, vol. 8671, pp. 428–435. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11331-9_51
Scott, T.A., Nilanjan, R.: Biomedical Image Analysis: Tracking. Morgan & Claypool, San Rafael (2005)
Stone, L., Barlow, C., Corwin, T.: Bayesian Multiple Target Tracking. Artech House, Norwood (1999)
Viterbi, A.: Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 13(2), 260–269 (1967)
Acknowledgment
This work is supported by the UE EFRR ZPORR project Z/2.32/I/1.3.1/267/05 “Szczecin University of Technology – Research and Education Center of Modern Multimedia Technologies” (Poland).
We gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Corporation with the donation of the Titan X GPU used for this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mazurek, P. (2018). Shallow Convolutional Neural Network and Viterbi Algorithm for Dim Line Tracking. In: Chmielewski, L., Kozera, R., Orłowski, A., Wojciechowski, K., Bruckstein, A., Petkov, N. (eds) Computer Vision and Graphics. ICCVG 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11114. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00692-1_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00692-1_33
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-00691-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-00692-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)