Abstract
This paper presents a networking architecture that brings the principles of fog computing to the realm of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), by systematizing the use of one or more end-user clients or near-user edge devices to carry out tasks on behalf of others. The proposal is grounded on a virtualization layer and specific routing algorithms, adding new constructs and protocols to orchestrate the allocation of tasks and the sharing of resources. This proposal solves persistent problems of previous approaches to mobile augmentation in VANETs, which require the nodes offering their resources to stay close to the ones that would use them transiently. The advantages are proved by simulations of an application of collaborative mapping and navigation, in which the vehicles in a city share storage, computing and communication resources to distribute the tasks of (i) downloading, storing and sharing chunks of maps from a server, and (ii) computing routes to the intended destinations.
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Notes
- 1.
Without loss of generality, in the rest of the paper we will assume that AppNs do not have 3G/4G connections of their own, but only the capability of communicating V2V and V2I via 802.11p. In the same line, for simplicity, we will assume that Internet APs are always placed in intersections.
- 2.
Multi-hop routes to CNs or APs can go through any vehicles, not only those who offer (part of) their resources as CNs. We assume that all vehicles participate in the operation of the VaNetLayer and VNIBR—a study of how the performance of the former degrades when not all the nodes collaborate can be found in [7].
- 3.
In Fig. 2, we use the term sporadic cloud to emphasize the point that the encounters among collaborating vehicles can be merely coincidental. The important fact, however, is that the underlying protocols simplify access to the shared resources and, at the same time, increase the stability of the communications to support proper completion of the tasks allocated to the CNs.
- 4.
We defined sequences of destinations to ensure the AppNs would be asking for routes throughout the entire duration of the simulations, not only at the beginning.
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Acknowledgment
This work has been supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Galician Regional Government under agreement for funding the AtlantTIC Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies, and through its Program for the Consolidation and Structuring of Competitive Research Groups as well as the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Gobierno de España) research project TIN2017-87604-R.
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Ordóñez-Morales, E.F., López-Nores, M., Blanco-Fernández, Y., Reinoso-Mendoza, E.P., Bravo-Torres, J.F., Pazos-Arias, J.J. (2018). Vehicular Fog Computing on Top of a Virtualization Layer. In: Skulimowski, A., Sheng, Z., Khemiri-Kallel, S., Cérin, C., Hsu, CH. (eds) Internet of Vehicles. Technologies and Services Towards Smart City. IOV 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11253. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05081-8_6
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