Skip to main content

Multiple Analyses, Requirements Once:

Simplifying Testing and Verification in Automotive Model-Based Development

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems (FMICS 2019)

Abstract

In industrial model-based development (MBD) frameworks, requirements are typically specified informally using textual descriptions. To enable the application of formal methods, these specifications need to be formalized in the input languages of all formal tools that should be applied to analyse the models at different development levels. In this paper we propose a unified approach for the computer-assisted formal specification of requirements and their fully automated translation into the specification languages of different verification tools. We consider a two-stage MBD scenario where first Simulink models are developed from which executable code is generated automatically. We (i) propose a specification language and a prototypical tool for the formal but still textual specification of requirements, (ii) show how these requirements can be translated automatically into the input languages of Simulink Design Verifier for verification of Simulink models and BTC EmbeddedValidator for source code verification, and (iii) show how our unified framework enables besides automated formal verification also the automated generation of test cases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.btc-es.de/en/products/btc-embeddedplatform/.

  2. 2.

    Hysteresis is a functionality often used to prevent rapid toggling when observing an input signal against some threshold by introducing an upper and a lower delta.

References

  1. Autili, M., Grunske, L., Lumpe, M., Pelliccione, P., Tang, A.: Aligning qualitative, real-time, and probabilistic property specification patterns using a structured English grammar. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 41(7), 620–638 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2015.2398877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Berger, P., Katoen, J.-P., Ábrahám, E., Waez, M.T.B., Rambow, T.: Verifying auto-generated C code from simulink. In: Havelund, K., Peleska, J., Roscoe, B., de Vink, E. (eds.) FM 2018. LNCS, vol. 10951, pp. 312–328. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95582-7_18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Beyer, D.: Software verification with validation of results. In: Legay, A., Margaria, T. (eds.) TACAS 2017. LNCS, vol. 10206, pp. 331–349. Springer, Heidelberg (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54580-5_20

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Bianculli, D., Ghezzi, C., Pautasso, C., Senti, P.: Specification patterns from research to industry: a case study in service-based applications. In: Proceedings of ICSE, pp. 968–976. IEEE (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2012.6227125

  5. Botham, J., et al.: PICASSOS - Practical applications of automated formal methods to safety related automotive systems. In: SAE Technical Paper. SAE International (2017). https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0063

  6. Bozzano, M., Cimatti, A., Katoen, J., Nguyen, V.Y., Noll, T., Roveri, M.: Safety, dependability and performance analysis of extended AADL models. Comput. J. 54(5), 754–775 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxq024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Dwyer, M.B., Avrunin, G.S., Corbett, J.C.: Patterns in property specifications for finite-state verification. In: Proceedings of ICSE, pp. 411–420. ACM (1999). https://doi.org/10.1145/302405.302672

  8. Filipovikj, P., Jagerfield, T., Nyberg, M., Rodriguez-Navas, G., Seceleanu, C.: Integrating pattern-based formal requirements specification in an industrial tool-chain. In: Proceedings of COMPSAC, pp. 167–173. IEEE (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC.2016.140

  9. Filipovikj, P., Nyberg, M., Rodriguez-Navas, G.: Reassessing the pattern-based approach for formalizing requirements in the automotive domain. In: Proceedings of RE, pp. 444–450. IEEE (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/RE.2014.6912296

  10. Grunske, L.: Specification patterns for probabilistic quality properties. In: Proceedings of ICSE, pp. 31–40. ACM (2008). https://doi.org/10.1145/1368088.1368094

  11. Guglielmo, L.D., Fummi, F., Orlandi, N., Pravadelli, G.: DDPSL: an easy way of defining properties. In: Proceedings of ICCD, pp. 468–473. IEEE (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCD.2010.5647654

  12. Heizmann, M., Hoenicke, J., Podelski, A.: Software model checking for people who love automata. In: Sharygina, N., Veith, H. (eds.) CAV 2013. LNCS, vol. 8044, pp. 36–52. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39799-8_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. ISO Central Secretary: Road vehicles - Functional safety. Standard ISO 26262–1:2011. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, CH (2011). https://www.iso.org/standard/62711.html

  14. Konrad, S., Cheng, B.H.C.: Real-time specification patterns. In: Proceedings of ICSE, pp. 372–381. ACM (2005). https://doi.org/10.1145/1062455.1062526

  15. Koymans, R.: Specifying real-time properties with metric temporal logic. Real-Time Syst. 2(4), 255–299 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01995674

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu, S., Wang, X., Miao, W.: Supporting requirements analysis using pattern-based formal specification construction. In: Butler, M., Conchon, S., Zaïdi, F. (eds.) ICFEM 2015. LNCS, vol. 9407, pp. 100–115. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25423-4_7

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Lumpe, M., Meedeniya, I., Grunske, L.: PSPWizard: machine-assisted definition of temporal logical properties with specification patterns. In: Proceedings of SIGSOFT/FSE, pp. 468–471. ACM (2011). https://doi.org/10.1145/2025113.2025193

  18. Mahmud, N., Seceleanu, C., Ljungkrantz, O.: Resa tool: structured requirements specification and sat-based consistency-checking. In: FedCSIS, pp. 1737–1746 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Moitra, A., et al.: Towards development of complete and conflict-free requirements. In: RE, pp. 286–296. IEEE Computer Society (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Nellen, J., Rambow, T., Waez, M.T.B., Ábrahám, E., Katoen, J.-P.: Formal verification of automotive simulink controller models: empirical technical challenges, evaluation and recommendations. In: Havelund, K., Peleska, J., Roscoe, B., de Vink, E. (eds.) FM 2018. LNCS, vol. 10951, pp. 382–398. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95582-7_23

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Remenska, D., Willemse, T.A.C., Templon, J., Verstoep, K., Bal, H.: Property specification made easy: harnessing the power of model checking in UML designs. In: Ábrahám, E., Palamidessi, C. (eds.) FORTE 2014. LNCS, vol. 8461, pp. 17–32. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43613-4_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Smith, R.L., Avrunin, G.S., Clarke, L.A., Osterweil, L.J.: PROPEL: an approach supporting property elucidation. In: Proceedings of ICSE, pp. 11–21. IEEE (2002). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2002.1007952

  23. Teige, T., Bienmüller, T., Holberg, H.J.: Universal pattern - Formalization, testing, coverage, verification, and test case generation for safety-critical requirements. In: Proceedings of MBMV (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Wong, P.Y.H., Gibbons, J.: Property specifications for workflow modelling. In: Leuschel, M., Wehrheim, H. (eds.) IFM 2009. LNCS, vol. 5423, pp. 56–71. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00255-7_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Philipp Berger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

A Appendix

A Appendix

A version of this paper containing the full appendix can be found at http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.07083.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Berger, P., Nellen, J., Katoen, JP., Ábrahám, E., Waez, M.T.B., Rambow, T. (2019). Multiple Analyses, Requirements Once:. In: Larsen, K., Willemse, T. (eds) Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems. FMICS 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11687. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27008-7_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27008-7_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-27007-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-27008-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics