Abstract
Accurate manual execution of a pre- or intraoperatively generated plan is an essential ability of surgeons and can be related to a successful outcome of a surgery. Therefore, surgeons regularly need to control multiple parameters simultaneously which increases control complexity, particularly if the information has to be derived and fused from multiple reference frames (e.g. displays). In master-slave or cooperative robotic settings haptic assistances can be provided to facilitate manual control of e.g. milling tasks. Haptic assistances present the information in the human hand reference frame and therefore can make mental transformation obsolete. Additionally, in contrast to autonomous robotic milling, the surgeon remains in the control loop and is able to customize the plan according to his expertise and intraoperative requirements. This paper experimentally investigates effects on usability of different haptic assistances in separate degrees of freedom during a multiple parameter control task. Subjects had to apply a force and follow a path with a constant velocity, while different levels of haptic assistance were provided. Results indicate that each assistance provides a statistically significant improvement with respect to the associated measure (i.e. force, position, velocity) and the task-associated perceived workload is reduced. Consequently, haptically assisted milling allows for an efficient control of milling parameters during surgery whose performance lies in between completely manual and autonomous robotic execution while keeping the surgeon in the control loop.
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Schleer, P., Drobinsky, S., Hmaid, T., Radermacher, K. (2019). Haptic Modes for Multiparameter Control in Robotic Surgery. In: Shen, D., et al. Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2019. MICCAI 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11768. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32254-0_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32254-0_20
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