Abstract
In consideration of the growing availability of mobile devices for students, web-based and shared annotations of learning materials are becoming more popular. Annotating learning material is a method to promote engagement, understanding, and independence for all learners in a shared environment. Open educational resources have the potential to add valuable information and close the gap between learning materials by automatically linking them. However, current popular web-based text annotation tools for learners, such as Hypothesis and Diigo, do not support learners in discovering new learning resources based on the context, metadata and the content of the annotated resource. In this article, we present SALMON, a collaborative web-based annotation system, which dynamically links and recommends learning resources based on annotations, content and metadata. It facilitates methods of semantic analysis in order to automatically extract relevant content from lecture materials in the form of PDF web documents. SALMON categorizes documents automatically in a way that finding similar resources becomes faster for the learners and they can discover communities for interesting topics.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Hypothesis website, hypothesis project (2013), https://web.hypothes.is/, retrieved:2019-6-25.
- 2.
- 3.
Semantic knowledge extractor, Thomson Reuters (2018), http://www.opencalais.com/opencalais-api/, retrieved:2019-6-25.
- 4.
Microservice architecture, Martin Fowler (2012), https://martinfowler.com/, retrieved: 2019-6-25.
- 5.
SALMON GitHub repository, 02-06-2019, https://github.com/SALMON2PROJECT.
- 6.
Keyword extraction Framework, Machine Reading for the Semantic Web, STlab 2015 http://wit.istc.cnr.it/stlab-tools/fred/.
References
Berners-lee, T., Hendler, J., Lassila, O.: The Semantic web a new form of web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities (2001)
Morris, R.D.: Web 3.0: implications for online learning. TechTrends 55, 42–46 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-011-0469-9
Bittencourt, I.I.M., Costa, E., Isotani, S., Mizoguchi, R.: Towards a reference model to semantic web-based educational systems (2008)
Barker, P., Campbell, L.M.: Metadata for learning materials: an ovierview. Technol. Instr. Cogn. Learn. 7, 225–243 (2010)
Baker, T.: Library Hi Tech Libraries, languages of description, and linked data: a Dublin Core perspective Article information. https://doi.org/10.1108/07378831211213256
Barker, P.: What is IEEE learning object metadata/IMS learning resource metadata? Cetis Stand. Briefings Ser. 1, 4 (2005)
Learning Technology Standards Committee, IEEE Computer Society: IEEE Standard for Learning Technology — Extensible Markup Language (XML) Schema Definition. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (2005)
Torniai, C., Jovanović, J., Gašević, D., Bateman, S., Hatala, M.: E-learning meets the Social Semantic Web. In: Proceedings of 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, ICALT 2008, pp. 389–393 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2008.20
Deimann, M., Bastiaens, T.: Special session OER: integrating OER and instructional design – towards a more holistic view keywords: open educational resources, instructional design abstract: 1 introduction 2 the claim of open educational resources (OER). Learning 1, 1–10 (2007)
Schafer, J.B.: The application of data-mining to recommender systems. In: Encyclopedia of Data Warehousing and Mining, Second Edition, pp. 45–50 (2011). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-010-3.ch008
Ruiz-Iniesta, A., Jiménez-Díaz, G., Gomez-Albarran, M.: A semantically enriched context-aware OER recommendation strategy and its application to a computer science OER repository. IEEE Trans. Educ. 57, 255–260 (2014)
Delphi Group: The document process (1994). https://bit.ly/2MgNJYK
McDowell, L., et al.: Mangrove: enticing ordinary people onto the semantic web via instant gratification, pp. 754–770 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39718-2_48
Te Whaley, D.: Annotation is now a web standard. hypothesis Blog (2017). https://web.hypothes.is/blog/annotation-is-now-a-web-standard/. Accessed 12 June 2017
Brooks, C., Bateman, S., Greer, J., Mccalla, G.: Lessons Learned Using Social and Semantic Web Technologies for E-Learning (2009). https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-062-9-260
Gangemi, A.: A comparison of knowledge extraction tools for the semantic web. In: Cimiano, P., Corcho, O., Presutti, V., Hollink, L., Rudolph, S. (eds.) ESWC 2013. LNCS, vol. 7882, pp. 351–366. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38288-8_24
Bär, D., Zesch, T., Gurevych, I.: DKPro Similarity: An Open Source Framework for Text Similarity. (2013). www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4021
Daly, C.: The semantic web and e-Learning. eLearn. (2009). https://doi.org/10.1145/1595384.1555528
Ohler, J.: The semantic web in education: what happens when the read-write web gets smart enough to help us organize and evaluate the information it provides?, pp. 7–9 (2008)
Brindley, J., Blaschke, L.M., Walti, C.: Creating effective collaborative learning groups in an online environment. Int. Rev. Res. Open Distrib. Learn. 10, 1–18 (2016). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v10i3.675
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Aprin, F., Manske, S., Hoppe, H.U. (2019). SALMON: Sharing, Annotating and Linking Learning Materials Online. In: Herzog, M., Kubincová, Z., Han, P., Temperini, M. (eds) Advances in Web-Based Learning – ICWL 2019. ICWL 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11841. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35758-0_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35758-0_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-35757-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-35758-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)