Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

LEER: Layer-Based and Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Ad Hoc Networks (ADHOCNETS 2019)

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Radio signals attenuate largely when propagating in water, while optical signals have large scattering in water. Therefore, acoustic signals are used for communication in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). Data transmission in underwater sensor networks is facing challenges due to the characteristics of underwater acoustic channels. In addition, high energy consumption and long latency bring about increased challenges for the design of routing protocols in UWSNs. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol called Layer-based and Energy-efficient Routing (LEER) Protocol to solve the void area routing problem as well as the long end-to-end delay and high energy consumption problems in UWSNs. In LEER, each node extracts the layer field information from Hello messages received and updates its own layer to avoid the void area problem, and all nodes forward packets to the sink node without the need for full-dimensional location information. Simulation results show that the LEER protocol outperforms the depth-based routing (DBR) protocol in terms of delivery rate and end-to-end delay.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Javaid, N., Shakeel, U., Ahmad, A., Alrajeh, N., Khan, Z.A., Guizani, N.: DRADS: depth and reliability aware delay sensitive cooperative routing for underwater wireless sensor networks. Wirel. Netw. 25(2), 777–789 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ali, T., Jung, L.T., Faye, I.: End-to-end delay and energy efficient routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 79(1), 339–361 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Darehshoorzadeh, A., Boukerche, A.: Underwater sensor networks: a new challenge for opportunistic routing protocols. IEEE Commun. Mag. 53(11), 98–107 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ahmed, M., Salleh, M., Channa, M.I.: Routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks based on data forwarding: a review. Telecommun. Syst. 65(1), 139–153 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhang, J.N., Du, X.J., Li, M.J., Wang, L.J.: Routing protocol of underwater wireless sensor network based on vector and energy. Comput. Eng. 44(9), 113–117 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Guan, Q.S., Ji, F., Liu, Y., Yu, H., Chen, W.Q.: Distance-vector based opportunistic routing for underwater acoustic sensor networks. IEEE Internet Things J. 6(2), 3831–3839 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Shetty, S., Pai, R.M., Pai, M.M.M.: Energy efficient message priority based routing protocol for aquaculture applications using underwater sensor network. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 103(2), 1871–1894 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Yan, H., Shi, Z.J., Cui, J.-H.: DBR: depth-based routing for underwater sensor networks. In: Das, A., Pung, H.K., Lee, F.B.S., Wong, L.W.C. (eds.) NETWORKING 2008. LNCS, vol. 4982, pp. 72–86. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79549-0_7

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Wahid, A., Lee, S., Jeong, H.-J., Kim, D.: EEDBR: energy-efficient depth-based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks. In: Kim, T.-H., Adeli, H., Robles, R.J., Balitanas, M. (eds.) AST 2011. CCIS, vol. 195, pp. 223–234. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24267-0_27

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Wahid, A., Lee, S., Kim, D., Lim, K.S.: MRP: a localization-free multi-layered routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 77(4), 2997–3012 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Du, X.J., Huang, K.J., Lan, S.L., Feng, Z.X., Liu, F.: LB-AGR: layer-based adaptive geo-routing for underwater sensor network. J. China Univ. Posts Telecommun. 21(1), 54–59 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sozer, E.M., Stojanovic, M., Proakis, J.G.: Underwater acoustic networks. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 25(1), 72–83 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (under grant no.: 61962052), the IoT Innovation Team Foundation of Qinghai Office of Science and Technology, the Key Lab of IoT of Qinghai, Hebei IoT Monitoring Center (under grant no.: 3142016020); and the Key Projects of Hebei Province (under grant no.: 19270318D).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China

    Jianlian Zhu, Xiujuan Du, Duoliang Han, Lijuan Wang & Meiju Li

  2. Key Laboratory of Internet of Things of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China

    Jianlian Zhu, Xiujuan Du, Duoliang Han, Lijuan Wang & Meiju Li

Authors
  1. Jianlian Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiujuan Du
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Duoliang Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lijuan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Meiju Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiujuan Du .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Southeast University, Nanjing, China

    Jun Zheng

  2. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada

    Cheng Li

  3. Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

    Peter Han Joo Chong

  4. Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China

    Weixiao Meng

  5. Southeast University, Nanjing, China

    Feng Yan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Zhu, J., Du, X., Han, D., Wang, L., Li, M. (2019). LEER: Layer-Based and Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks. In: Zheng, J., Li, C., Chong, P., Meng, W., Yan, F. (eds) Ad Hoc Networks. ADHOCNETS 2019. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 306. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37262-0_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37262-0_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-37261-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-37262-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation