Abstract
With the growth of Information and Communication Technology, data sharing plays a pivotal role in all parts of the Internet. A major issue that needs to be tackled urgently is to protect the ownership of data during the sharing process. Digital watermarking technology is a major solution to ownership protection. Many reversible watermarking approaches are proposed to achieve the function of ownership protection, but most methods can only resist malicious attacks to a certain extent and can not regenerate the complete watermarks in case part of watermarks are destroyed. In this paper, a robust and reversible watermarking technique (RRWEC) applied in relational database has been proposed, which utilizes the Erasure Codes Technique and watermarking in groups. The watermarks embedded into data come from meaningful characters of identification information of a database owner. The grouping method based on clustering, without dependent primary keys, is utilized to group the data, which can resist attacks on the data structure. The erasure code technique is devised to regenerate the complete watermarking information when some sub-watermarks embedded into data are maliciously modified or removed. The results of experiments verify the effectiveness and robustness of RRWEC against malicious attacks, such as data structure attack, subset addition attack, subset alteration and deletion attack, and show that when half of the watermarks are destroyed, the watermark regeneration algorithm can still recover the complete watermarking information.
Supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFB0803002), Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2019B010136003), Peng Cheng Laboratory Project of Guangdong Province (PCL2018KP004).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Agrawal, R., Kiernan, J.: Watermarking relational databases. In: VLDB 2002: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Very Large Databases, pp. 155–166. Elsevier (2002)
Chen, J., Zheng, P., Guo, J., Zhang, W., Huang, J.: A privacy-preserving multipurpose watermarking scheme for audio authentication and protection. In: 2018 17th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications/12th IEEE International Conference on Big Data Science and Engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE), pp. 86–91. IEEE (2018)
Dwivedi, A.K., Sharma, B., Vyas, A.: Watermarking techniques for ownership protection of relational databases. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng. 4(1), 368–375 (2014)
Farfoura, M.E., Horng, S.J., Wang, X.: A novel blind reversible method for watermarking relational databases. J. Chin. Inst. Eng. 36(1), 87–97 (2013)
Gupta, G., Pieprzyk, J.: Reversible and blind database watermarking using difference expansion. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Forensic Applications and Techniques in Telecommunications, Information, and Multimedia and Workshop, p. 24. ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering) (2008)
Gupta, G., Pieprzyk, J.: Database relation watermarking resilient against secondary watermarking attacks. In: Prakash, A., Sen Gupta, I. (eds.) ICISS 2009. LNCS, vol. 5905, pp. 222–236. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10772-6_17
Guruswami, V., Rudra, A., Sudan, M.: Essential coding theory (2012). http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/atri/courses/coding-theory/book
Hu, D., Zhao, D., Zheng, S.: A new robust approach for reversible database watermarking with distortion control. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 31(6), 1024–1037 (2018)
Iftikhar, S., Kamran, M., Anwar, Z.: RRW – a robust and reversible watermarking technique for relational data. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 27(4), 1132–1145 (2015)
Jawad, K., Khan, A.: Genetic algorithm and difference expansion based reversible watermarking for relational databases. J. Syst. Softw. 86(11), 2742–2753 (2013)
Khan, A., Husain, S.A.: A fragile zero watermarking scheme to detect and characterize malicious modifications in database relations. Sci. World J. 2013, 1–16 (2013)
Khanduja, V., Chakraverty, S., Verma, O.P.: Enabling information recovery with ownership using robust multiple watermarks. J. Inf. Secur. Appl. 29, 80–92 (2016)
Khanduja, V., Chakraverty, S., Verma, O.P., Tandon, R., Goel, S.: A robust multiple watermarking technique for information recovery. In: 2014 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), pp. 250–255. IEEE (2014)
Khanna, S., Zane, F.: Watermarking maps: hiding information in structured data. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 596–605. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (2000)
Li, Y., Wang, J., Ge, S., Luo, X., Wang, B.: A reversible database watermarking method with low distortion. Math. Biosci. Eng. 16, 4053–4068 (2019)
Mohanpurkar, A., Joshi, M.: Applying watermarking for copyright protection, traitor identification and joint ownership: a review. In: 2011 World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies, pp. 1014–1019. IEEE (2011)
Oz, J., Naor, A.: Reed Solomon encoder/decoder on the StarCore\(^{\rm TM}\) SC140/SC1400 cores, with extended examples (2003)
Plank, J.S.: T1: erasure codes for storage applications. In: Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies, pp. 1–74 (2005)
Reed, I.S., Solomon, G.: Polynomial codes over certain finite fields. J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. 8(2), 300–304 (1960)
Schneier, B.: Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C. Wiley, Hoboken (2007)
Shehab, M., Bertino, E., Ghafoor, A.: Watermarking relational databases using optimization-based techniques. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 20(1), 116–129 (2008)
Sion, R., Atallah, M., Prabhakar, S.: Rights protection for relational data. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 16(12), 1509–1525 (2004)
Srinivasan, M., Sarwate, D.V.: Malfunction in the Peterson-Gorenstein-Zierler decoder. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 40(5), 1649–1653 (1994)
tomerfiliba: A pure-python Reed Solomon encoder/decoder (2015). https://github.com/tomerfiliba/reedsolomon
Wikipedia: Berlekamp–Massey algorithm – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2019). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlekamp
Xie, M.R., Wu, C.C., Shen, J.J., Hwang, M.S.: A survey of data distortion watermarking relational databases. Int. J. Netw. Secur. 18(6), 1022–1033 (2016)
Zhang, Y., Yang, B., Niu, X.M.: Reversible watermarking for relational database authentication. J. Comput. 17(2), 59–66 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chai, H., Yang, S., Jiang, Z.L., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Luo, H. (2020). A New Robust and Reversible Watermarking Technique Based on Erasure Code. In: Wen, S., Zomaya, A., Yang, L. (eds) Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing. ICA3PP 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11944. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38991-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38991-8_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-38990-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-38991-8
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)