Abstract
Liver surgery is typically performed to dissect part of the liver to remove a malignant tumor. The role of technology is to assist the surgeon to swiftly navigate to the area of interest. Our work involved the development of a liver surgery navigation system in which a steepest descent liver tracking algorithm is used to accurately track the real liver with a virtual liver. We recently demonstrated that our digital potential function was globally stable at the point at which the virtual liver coincided with its real counterpart. The same stability was achieved for several actual surgeries using 3D printed viscoelastic liver in an operating room with two light-emitting diode (LED) shadowless lamps. Increasing the number of lamps improved the stability of depth-depth matching in the steepest descent algorithm because the lamps did not emit in the infrared wavelength region unlike the depth cameras. Furthermore, the use of the characteristic uneven shape of the liver has greatly improved liver tracking accuracy. The complex and asymmetric shape of the upper part of the liver during surgery plays a key role in the liver in depth and depth matching. In this study, we experimentally investigated the stability of a virtual liver dissection configuration following a real liver in an operating room equipped with two LED shadowless lamps. As a result, deeply incised livers have superior depth-depth matching stability. In addition, even when using occlusion to simulate actual surgery, the convergence stability of the experimental performance is improved.
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Acknowledgment
This study was supported in part by 2014 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 26289069) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan. Further support was provided by the 2014 Cooperation Research Fund from the Graduate School at Osaka Electro-Communication University. We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.
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Asano, M., Kuroda, T., Numata, S., Jozen, T., Yoshikawa, T., Noborio, H. (2020). Stability Maintenance of Depth-Depth Matching of Steepest Descent Method Using an Incision Shape of an Occluded Organ. In: Kurosu, M. (eds) Human-Computer Interaction. Human Values and Quality of Life. HCII 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12183. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49065-2_38
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