Skip to main content

Guided Mindfulness: Using Expert Schemas to Evaluate Complex Skill Acquisition

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Augmented Cognition. Human Cognition and Behavior (HCII 2020)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 12197))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

This paper presents qualitative data regarding the experiential learning process, including how this process can be enhanced through an individualized learning approach we refer to as Guided Mindfulness (GM). GM works as a facilitating mechanism where specific self-regulated learning opportunities are a) identified as learning events, b) reflected on, and probing questions on the event are c) asked to heighten experiential learning. Specifically, frequent experiential learners (FELs) were interviewed regarding their learning process, comparing that process between expert and novices and providing preliminary identification of the differences between expert and novice schemas. Finally, the five GM intervening processes (i.e., situational awareness, self-awareness, social awareness, sensemaking, simulation) were mapped into each of these stages. Future directions are proposed regarding understanding these expert schemas more thoroughly and applying this understanding across cultures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. London, M., Mone, E.M.: Continuous learning. In: Ilgen, T.D.R., Pulakos, E.D. (eds.) The Changing Nature of Performance: Implications for Staffing, Motivation and Development. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  2. McCall, M.W., Lombardo, M.W., Lombardo, M.M., Morrison, A.M.: Lessons of Experience: How Successful Executives Develop on the Job. Simon and Schuster, New York (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kolb, D.A.: The process of experiential learning. In: Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development, pp. 20–38. Prentice-Hall, Inc. (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gupta, A.K., Govindarajan, V.: Cultivating a global mindset. Acad. Manag. Perspect. 16(1), 116–126 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ng, K.Y., Van Dyne, L., Ang, S.: From experience to experiential learning: cultural intelligence as a learning capability for global leader development. Acad. Manag. Learn. Educ. 8(4), 511–526 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kanfer, R.: Self-regulatory and other non-ability determinants of skill acquisition (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sitzmann, T., Ely, K.: A meta-analysis of self-regulated learning in work-related training and educational attainment: what we know and where we need to go. Psychol. Bull. 137(3), 421 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. McCall, M.W.: Leadership development through experience. Acad. Manag. Exec. 18, 127–130 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  9. McCall, M.W.: Recasting leadership development. Ind. Organ. Psychol. 3(1), 3–19 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Griffith, R.L., Steelman, L.A., Wildman, J.L., LeNoble, C.A., Zhou, Z.E.: Guided mindfulness: a self-regulatory approach to experiential learning of complex skills. Theoret. Issues Ergon. Sci. 18(2), 147–166 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Griffith, R.L., Sudduth, M.M., Flett, A., Skiba, T.S.: Looking forward: meeting the global need for leaders through guided mindfulness. In: Wildman, J.L., Griffith, R.L. (eds.) Leading Global Teams, pp. 325–342. Springer, New York (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2050-1_14

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Wulf, G., Shea, C.H.: Principles derived from the study of simple skills do not generalize to complex skill learning. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 9(2), 185–211 (2002). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Nestel, D., Walker, K., Simon, R., Aggarwal, R., Andreatta, P.: Nontechnical skills: an inaccurate and unhelpful descriptor? Simul. Healthc. 6(1), 2–3 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Medina, R.: Upgrading yourself-technical and nontechnical competencies. IEEE Potentials 29(1), 10–13 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Yule, S., Flin, R., Paterson-Brown, S., Maran, N.: Non-technical skills for surgeons in the operating room: a review of the literature. Surgery 139(2), 140–149 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. VanLehn, K.: Cognitive skill acquisition. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 47(1), 513–539 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lindsey, E.H., Holmes, V., McCall Jr., M.W.: Key Events in Executives’ Lives. Center for Creative Leadership, Greensboro (1987)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  18. Kolb, D.A., Boyatzis, R.E., Mainemelis, C.: Experiential learning theory: previous research and new directions. Perspect. Think. Learn. Cogn. Styles 1(8), 227–247 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kolb, A.Y., Kolb, D.A.: Learning styles and learning spaces: enhancing experiential learning in higher education. Acad. Manag. Learn. Educ. 4(2), 193–212 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Vancouver, J.B.: Self-regulation in organizational settings: a tale of two paradigms. In: Handbook of Self-Regulation, pp. 303–341. Academic Press (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Griffith, R.L., Steelman, L.A., Moon, N., al-Qallawi, S., Quraishi, N.: Guided mindfulness: optimizing experiential learning of complex interpersonal competencies. In: Schmorrow, D.D., Fidopiastis, C.M. (eds.) AC 2018. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 10916, pp. 205–213. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91467-1_17

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Quraishi, N., et al.: Guided mindfulness: new frontier to augmented learning. In: Schmorrow, D.D., Fidopiastis, C.M. (eds.) HCII 2019. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 11580, pp. 586–596. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22419-6_42

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Goleman, D.: Working with Emotional Intelligence. Bantam, New York (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Cooke, N.J., Kiekel, P.A., Helm, E.E.: Measuring team knowledge during skill acquisition of a complex task. Int. J. Cogn. Ergon. 5(3), 297–315 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Rico, R., Sánchez-Manzanares, M., Gil, F., Gibson, C.: Team implicit coordination processes: a team knowledge–based approach. Acad. Manag. Rev. 33(1), 163–184 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Hilton, R.M., Shuffler, M., Zaccaro, S.J., Salas, E., Chiara, J., Ruark, G.: Critical Social Thinking and Response Training: A Conceptual Framework for a Critical Social Thinking Training Program (ARI Research Report). Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Arlington (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sandberg, J., Tsoukas, H.: Making sense of the sensemaking perspective: its constituents, limitations, and opportunities for further development. J. Organ. Behav. 36(S1), S6–S32 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Weick, K.E., Sutcliffe, K.M., Obstfeld, D.: Organizing and the process of sensemaking. Organ. Sci. 16(4), 409–421 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kanfer, R., Ackerman, P.L., Sternberg, R.J.: Dynamics of skill acquisition: building a bridge between intelligence and motivation. In: Advances in the Psychology of Human Intelligence, vol. 5, pp. 83–134 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  30. London, M., Smither, J.W.: Can multi-source feedback change perceptions of goal accomplishment, self-evaluations, and performance-related outcomes? Theory-based applications and directions for research. Pers. Psychol. 48(4), 803–839 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. London, M.: Job Feedback: Giving, Seeking, and Using Feedback for Performance Improvement. Psychology Press, New York (2003)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  32. Smith-Jentsch, K.A., Cannon-Bowers, J.A., Tannenbaum, S.I., Salas, E.: Guided team self-correction: Impacts on team mental models, processes, and effectiveness. Small Group Res. 39(3), 303–327 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Crandall, B., Klein, G., Klein, G.A., Hoffman, R.R.: Working Minds: A Practitioner’s Guide to Cognitive Task Analysis. MIT Press, Cambridge (2006)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  34. Braun, V., Clarke, V.: Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual. Res. Psychol. 3(2), 77–101 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Mason, M.: Sample size and saturation in PhD studies using qualitative interviews. In: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, vol. 11, no. 3, August 2010

    Google Scholar 

  36. Lombard, M., Snyder-Duch, J., Bracken, C.C.: Practical resources for assessing and reporting intercoder reliability in content analysis research projects (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Ford, M.: Mental Models: Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference, and Consciousness (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Johnson-Laird, P.N.: Mental Models: Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference, and Consciousness, no. 6. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Langan-Fox, J., Code, S., Langfield-Smith, K.: Team mental models: Techniques, methods, and analytic approaches. Hum. Factors 42(2), 242–271 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Ford, J.K., Kraiger, K.: The application of cognitive constructs and principles to the instructional systems model of training: implications for needs assessment, design, and transfer. In: International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, vol. 10, pp. 1–48 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Lesgold, A., Rubinson, H., Feltovich, P., Glaser, R., Klopfer, D., Wang, Y.: Expertise in a complex skill: diagnosing x-ray pictures (1988)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mina Milosevic .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Appendix A

Appendix A

Table 2. Interview Questions by Categories
Table 3. Interview topic and resulting themes

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Milosevic, M. et al. (2020). Guided Mindfulness: Using Expert Schemas to Evaluate Complex Skill Acquisition. In: Schmorrow, D., Fidopiastis, C. (eds) Augmented Cognition. Human Cognition and Behavior. HCII 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12197. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50439-7_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50439-7_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-50438-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-50439-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics