Abstract
There has been a lack of theoretically framework and research instruments to explain and explore the complexity of learning experience among K-12 students in traditional classrooms. To address this research need, the present study tentatively developed and validated a presence questionnaire for K-12 classroom (PQ-K12) to examine learning experience through the interplay of three perceived presences, as informed by the community of inquiry (CoI) framework. The presence questionnaire was initially designed with 66 items and was administered among 200 primary school students in central China. A three-step validation process comprising item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted sequentially, leading to the removal of 21 items from the overall scale. The revised questionnaire yielded a strong internal reliability and a moderate structural validity. The preliminary results of this study can inform the future revision of the PQ-K12 questionnaire and provide insights on the key characteristics of K-12 education.
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This study was funded by the Key Research Project of Education Supported by National Social Science Foundation of China, ACA170010.
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Wei, L., Hu, Y., Zuo, M., Luo, H. (2020). Extending the COI Framework to K-12 Education: Development and Validation of a Learning Experience Questionnaire. In: Cheung, S., Li, R., Phusavat, K., Paoprasert, N., Kwok, L. (eds) Blended Learning. Education in a Smart Learning Environment. ICBL 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12218. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51968-1_26
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51968-1_26
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