Abstract
In recent years, augmented and virtual reality have increasingly gained attention. To date, a multitude of solutions has been developed and implemented both in research and in practice. As a result, these technologies create new business opportunities. Particularly in Germany, a variety of startups tried to enter the market. By analyzing 141 tech startups, this paper visualizes the 25 generic roles and value streams within the augmented and virtual reality business ecosystem using the e3-value method. Furthermore, we evaluate the model with semi-structured interviews to verify validity. Practitioners can use the model to identify competitors or collaboration opportunities. Theoretically, our research contributes to the body of knowledge by systematically depicting the services related to augmented and virtual reality. Finally, we provide directions for future research.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
Crunchbase is accessible via http://www.crunchbase.com.
References
Chesbrough, H.: Business model innovation: opportunities and barriers. Long Range Plann. 43, 354–363 (2010)
Bezegová, E., Ledgard, A., Molemaker, R.-J., Oberč, B.P., Vigkos, A.: Virtual Reality and its Potential for Europe. Ecorys, London (2018)
Liu, S.: Forecast augmented (AR) and virtual reality (VR) market size worldwide from 2016 to 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars). https://www.statista.com/statistics/591181/global-augmented-virtual-reality-market-size/. Accessed 20 Feb 2020
Milgram, P., Takemura, H., Utsumi, A., Kishino, F.: Mixed Reality (MR) Reality-Virtuality (RV) Continuum. In: SPIE, vol. 2351, pp. 282–292 (1994). Telemanipulator Telepresence Technol.
Martín-Gutiérrez, J., Mora, C.E., Añorbe-Díaz, B., González-Marrero, A.: Virtual technologies trends in education. EURASIA J. Math. Sci. Technol. Educ. 13, 469–486 (2017)
Rauschnabel, P.A., Ro, Y.K.: Augmented reality smart glasses: an investigation of technology M acceptance drivers. Int. J. Technol. Mark. 11, 123–148 (2016)
Niemöller, C., Metzger, D., Thomas, O.: Design and evaluation of a smart-glasses-based service support system. In: Proceedings of the 13th Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik, pp. 106–120 (2017)
Metzger, D., Niemöller, C., Wingert, B., Schultze, T., Bues, M., Thomas, O.: How machines are serviced – design of a virtual reality-based training system for technical customer services. In: Proceedings of the 13th Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik, pp. 604–618 (2017)
Moore, J.F.: Predators and prey: a new ecology of competition. Harv. Bus. Rev. 71, 75–86 (1993)
Riasanow, T., Jäntgen, L., Hermes, S., Böhm, M., Krcmar, H.: Core, intertwined, and ecosystem-specific clusters in platform ecosystems: analyzing similarities in the digital transformation of the automotive, blockchain, financial, insurance and IIoT industry. Electron. Mark. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-020-00407-6
Bundesregierung, D.: Hightech-Strategie 2025. https://www.hightech-strategie.de/de/hightech-strategie-2025-1726.html. Accessed 20 Feb 2020
Mühlhans, T.: Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality - Bestandsaufnahme und Best Practices (2018)
Capgemini Research Institute: Augmented and Virtual Reality in Operations (2018)
European Comission: Augmented and Virtual Reality. https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/dem/monitor/sites/default/files/DTM_AR_VR-vf.pdf. Accessed 20 Feb 2020
Walsh, K.R., Pawlowski, S.D.: Virtual reality: a technology in need of is research. Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst. 8, 297–313 (2002)
Harborth, D.: Augmented reality in information systems research: a systematic literature review. In: Twenty-Third Americas Conference on Information Systems, Boston, pp. 1–10 (2017)
Jimenez, R.J.P., Becerril, E.M., Nor, R.M., Smagas, K., Valari, E., Stylianidis, E.: Market potential for a location based and augmented reality system for utilities management. In: 2016 22nd International Conference on Virtual System & Multimedia (VSMM), pp. 1–4 (2016)
Mütterlein, J., Hess, T.: Exploring the impacts of virtual reality on business models: the case of the media industry. In: ECIS Proceedings 2017, pp. 3213–3222 (2017)
Cranmer, E., Jung, T.: Augmented reality (AR): business models in urban cultural heritage tourist destinations. In: 12th APacCHRIE Conference (2014)
Riasanow, T., Galic, G., Böhm, M.: Digital transformation in the automotive industry: towards a generic value network. In: 2017 Proceedings of 25th European Conference on Information and Systems, ECIS 2017, pp. 3191–3201 (2017)
Gordijn, J., Akkermans, J.M.: Value-based requirements engineering: exploring innovative e-commerce ideas. Requir. Eng. 8, 114–134 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-003-0169-x
Hevner, A.R., March, S.T., Park, J., Ram, S.: Design science in information systems research. MIS Q. 28, 75–105 (2004)
March, S.T., Smith, G.F.: Design and natural science research on information technology. Decis. Support Syst. 15, 251–266 (1995)
vom Brocke, J., Simons, A., Niehaves, B., Riemer, K., Plattfaut, R., Cleven, A.: Reconstructing the giant: on the importance of rigour in documenting the literature search process. In: 17th European Conference on Information and Systems, ECIS 2009 (2009)
Chesbrough, H., Rosenbloom, R.S.: The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation’s technology spin-off companies. Ind. Corp. Chang. 11, 529–555 (2002)
Tian, C.H., Ray, B.K., Lee, J., Cao, R., Ding, W.: BEAM: a framework for business ecosystem analysis and modeling. IBM Syst. J. 47, 101–114 (2008)
Ignat, V.: Digitalization and the global technology trends. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 227 (2017)
Ibarra, D., Ganzarain, J., Igartua, J.I.: Business model innovation through Industry 4.0: a review. Procedia Manuf. 22, 4–10 (2018)
Gordijn, J., Akkermans, H.: Designing and evaluating e-business models. IEEE Intell. Syst. 16, 11–17 (2001)
Veit, D., Clemons, E., Benlian, A., Buxmann, P., Hess, T., Kundisch, D., Leimeister, J.M., Loos, P., Spann, M.: Business models: an information systems research agenda. Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng. 6, 45–53 (2014)
van den Hoven, J.: ICT and value sensitive design. In: Goujon, P., Lavelle, S., Duquenoy, P., Kimppa, K., Laurent, V. (eds.) The Information Society: Innovation, Legitimacy, Ethics and Democracy In honor of Professor Jacques Berleur s.j. IIFIP, vol. 233, pp. 67–72. Springer, Boston (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72381-5_8
Böhm, M., Koleva, G., Leimeister, S., Riedl, C., Krcmar, H.: Towards a generic value network for cloud computing. In: Altmann, J., Rana, Omer F. (eds.) GECON 2010. LNCS, vol. 6296, pp. 129–140. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15681-6_10
Riasanow, T., Flötgen, R.J., Setzke, D.S., Böhm, M., Krcmar, H.: The generic ecosystem and innovation patterns of the digital transformation in the financial industry. In: PACIS (2018)
Greineder, M., Riasanow, T., Böhm, M., Krcmar, H.: The generic InsurTech ecosystem and its strategic implications for the digital transformation of insurance industry. In: 40th GI EMISA (2019)
Perotti, V., Yu, Y.: Startup Tribes: Social Network Ties that Support Success in New Firms (2015)
Marra, A., Antonelli, P., Dell’Anna, L., Pozzi, C.: A network analysis using metadata to investigate innovation in clean-tech - implications for energy policy. Energy Policy 86, 17–26 (2015)
KPMG: Neue Dimensionen der Realität - The New Media Consortium (2016)
Mayring, P.: Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. In: Handbuch qualitative Forschung in der Psychologie, pp. 601–613. Springer (2010)
Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M.A., Chatterjee, S.: A design science research methodology for information systems research. J. Manag. Inf. Syst. 24, 45–77 (2007)
Benbasat, I., Goldstein, D.K., Mead, M.: The case research strategy in studies of information systems. MIS Q. Manag. Inf. Syst. 11, 369–386 (1987)
Gläser, J., Laudel, G.: Experteninterviews und qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden (2010)
Venable, J., Pries-Heje, J., Baskerville, R.: A comprehensive framework for evaluation in design science research. In: Peffers, K., Rothenberger, M., Kuechler, B. (eds.) DESRIST 2012. LNCS, vol. 7286, pp. 423–438. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29863-9_31
Richardson, C., Rymer, J.R.: New Development Platforms Emerge For Customer-Facing Applications (2014)
Crunchbase: Ubimax on Crunchbase https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/ubimax-gmbh#section-overview. Accessed 08 May 2020
Ubimax: Ubimax. https://www.ubimax.com/de/unternehmen/#about. Accessed 08 May 2020
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their constructive feedback. This research is funded by the “Graduiertenkolleg va-eva: Vertrauen und Akzeptanz in erweiterten und virtuellen Arbeitswelten” at the University of Osnabrück (https://www.vaeva.uni-osnabrueck.de).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Schuir, J., Vogel, J., Teuteberg, F., Thomas, O. (2020). Understanding the Augmented and Virtual Reality Business Ecosystem: An e3-value Approach. In: Shishkov, B. (eds) Business Modeling and Software Design. BMSD 2020. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 391. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52306-0_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52306-0_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-52305-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-52306-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)