Abstract
Universal Design (UD) offers different sets of principles that can be used as reference in design practice to meet the needs of the vast majority of a population. However, there is a lack of an accountable approach to measure and analyze the built environment through UD performance.
This study aims to develop an evaluation framework to assess UD in public buildings to determine, in addition to accessibility requirements, the usability and inclusion of projects for different users.
Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) was adopted as research methodology to systematically and scientifically develop the framework, which was structured based on knowledge derived from: an in-depth literature review on UD evaluation and workshops with stakeholders and experts. The selection and comparison of a pool of criteria is described including the cognitive mapping technique for translating information gathered by workshops.
A hierarchical framework was created, consisting of three main categories of UD (i.e. physical-spatial quality, sensorial-cognitive quality, and social quality), eight criteria (i.e. usability, functionality, safety/security, wayfinding, understanding, environmental factors, well-being, and social inclusion), and 21 indicators. The proposed framework can be considered as an innovative approach in the field of accessible design evaluation since it explores the relation among a multiplicity of aspects, including human performance and social factors, to evaluate the quality of UD buildings.
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Acknowledgements
The authors of this paper want to show their great gratitude to all the participants to the workshops and people who supported the organization. In particular, the associations that made it possible to conduct this study are: Lega per i Diritti delle Persone con Disabilità (LEDHA) Milano, Unione Italiana Lotta alla Distrofia Muscolare (UILDM) Milano, Associazione Nazionale Subvedenti (ANS) Milano, Solidarietà in Rete (SIR), Associazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla (AISM) Milano and Design for All Italia. The study is part of the doctoral research of E.M. at the Department of Architecture, Built environment and Construction engineering of Politecnico di Milano.
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Mosca, E.I., Capolongo, S. (2020). Universal Design-Based Framework to Assess Usability and Inclusion of Buildings. In: Gervasi, O., et al. Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020. ICCSA 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12253. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58814-4_22
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