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Deduplication-Friendly Watermarking for Multimedia Data in Public Clouds

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Computer Security – ESORICS 2020 (ESORICS 2020)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 12308))

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Abstract

To store large volumes of cloud data, cloud storage providers (CSPs) use deduplication, by which if data from multiple owners are identical, only one unique copy will be stored. Deduplication can achieve significant storage saving, benefiting both CSPs and data owners. However, for ownership protection, data owners may choose to transform their outsourced multimedia data to “protected formats” (e.g., by watermarking) which disturbs deduplication since identical data may be transformed differently by different data owners.

In this work, we initiate research of resolving the fundamental conflict between deduplication and watermarking. We propose DEW, the first secure Deduplication-friEndly Watermarking scheme which neither requires any interaction among data owners beforehand nor requires any trusted third party. Our key idea is to introduce novel protocols which can ensure that identical data possessed by different data owners are watermarked to the same “protected format”. Security analysis and experimental evaluation justify security and practicality of DEW.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Although the homomorphic encryption can be used to process data in public clouds, they are still far from practicality.

  2. 2.

    A spread-spectrum watermark is modestly robust, but has a low information capacity; while a quantization watermark suffers from low robustness, though has a high information capacity. We thus choose amplitude modulation which can achieve a good balance between robustness and information capacity, and is particularly embedded in the spatial domain.

  3. 3.

    For simplicity, we focus on grayscale images in this paper.

  4. 4.

    Using the old watermarked file as well as the old watermark, a valid owner can restore the original file, and by retrieving a compressed version of the new watermarked file, the owner is able to extract the new watermark bit stream. We will investigate a more efficient design in the future work.

  5. 5.

    To ensure that each symbol is valid (i.e., not larger than the finite field), only 159 bits from a file were read each time.

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Acknowledgements

Weijing You, Limin Liu and Jiwu Jing were supported by National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2017YFB0802404).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China

    Weijing You & Jiwu Jing

  2. Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA

    Bo Chen

  3. State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China

    Limin Liu

Authors
  1. Weijing You
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  2. Bo Chen
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  3. Limin Liu
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  4. Jiwu Jing
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Limin Liu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

    Liqun Chen

  2. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Ninghui Li

  3. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Kaitai Liang

  4. University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

    Steve Schneider

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You, W., Chen, B., Liu, L., Jing, J. (2020). Deduplication-Friendly Watermarking for Multimedia Data in Public Clouds. In: Chen, L., Li, N., Liang, K., Schneider, S. (eds) Computer Security – ESORICS 2020. ESORICS 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12308. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58951-6_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58951-6_4

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-58951-6

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