Abstract
The sense of presence is an important construct of virtual experiences, as it relates to the user’s attention. This pilot study investigates the relations among sense of presence, attention levels and performance, comparing the outcomes across two different media formats (virtual reality versus web). Fourteen participants performed knowledge tests in the area of Financial Mathematics. Sense of presence was evaluated through questionnaire and attention levels were measured using a EEG biosensor. The results show that, although very prominent to the sense of presence and its tangential benefits, the virtual reality technology was not successful as the web in translating the allocation of attentional resources into better performance.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Witmer, B.G., Singer, M.J.: Measuring presence in virtual environments: a presence questionnaire. Presence 7(3), 225–240 (1998)
Dengel, A., Mägdefrau, J.: Presence is the key to understanding immersive learning. In: Beck, D., et al. (eds.) iLRN 2019. CCIS, vol. 1044, pp. 185–198. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23089-0_14
Lessiter, J., Freeman, J., Keogh, E., Davidoff, J.: A cross-media presence questionnaire: the ITC-sense of presence inventory. Presence: Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 10(3), 282–297 (2001)
Riley, J.M., Kaber, D.B., Draper, J.V.: Situation awareness and attention allocation measures for quantifying telepresence experiences in teleoperation. Hum. Factors Ergon. Manuf. Serv. Ind. 14(1), 51–67 (2004)
Makowski, D., Sperduti, M., Nicolas, S., Piolino, P.: “Being there” and remembering it: presence improves memory encoding. Conscious. Cogn. 53, 194–202 (2017)
Belle, A., Hargraves, R.H., Najarian, K.: An automated optimal engagement and attention detection system using electrocardiogram. Comput. Math. Methods Med. 2012 (2012)
Kolb, D.A.: Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. FT Press, Upper Saddle River (2014)
Chen, C.M., Wang, J.Y., Yu, C.M.: Assessing the attention levels of students by using a novel attention aware system based on brainwave signals. Brit. J. Educ. Technol. 48(2), 348–369 (2017)
Jensen, L., Konradsen, F.: A review of the use of virtual reality head-mounted displays in education and training. Educ. Inf. Technol. 23(4), 1515–1529 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-017-9676-0
Draper, V.D., Kaber, D.B., Usher, J.M.: Telepresence. Hum. Factors 40(3), 354–375 (1998)
Laarni, J., Ravaja, N., Saari, T., Hartmann, T.: Personality-related differences in subjective presence. In Proceedings of the Seventh Annual International Workshop Presence, pp. 88–95 (2004)
Rey, B., Alcañiz, M., Tembl, J., Parkhutik, V.: Brain activity and presence: a preliminary study in different immersive conditions using transcranial Doppler monitoring. Virtual Real. 14(1), 55–65 (2010)
Szczurowski, K., Smith, M.: Measuring presence: hypothetical quantitative framework. In: 2017 23rd International Conference on Virtual System & Multimedia (VSMM), pp. 1–8. IEEE (2017)
Kober, S.E., Neuper, C.: Using auditory event-related EEG potentials to assess presence in virtual reality. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 70, 577–587 (2012)
Clemente, M., Rodríguez, A., Rey, B., Alcañiz, M.: Assessment of the influence of navigation control and screen size on the sense of presence in virtual reality using EEG. Expert Syst. Appl. 41(4), 1584–1592 (2014)
Clemente, M., et al.: An fMRI study to analyze neural correlates of presence during virtual reality experiences. Interact. Comput. 26(3), 269–284 (2013)
Baumgartner, T., Valko, L., Esslen, M., Jäncke, L.: Neural correlate of spatial presence in an arousing and noninteractive virtual reality: an EEG and psychophysiology study. Cyberpsychol. Behav. 9, 30–45 (2006)
Kober, S.E., Kurzmann, J., Neuper, C.: Cortical correlate of spatial presence in 2D and 3D interactive virtual reality: an EEG study. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 83, 365–374 (2012)
Vasconcelos-Raposo, J., Melo, M., Teixeira, C., Cabral, L., Bessa, M.: Adaptation and validation of the ITC-sense of presence inventory for the Portuguese language. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 125, 1–6 (2019)
Neurosky: MindWave Mobile 2: User Guide (2018). http://download.neurosky.com/public/Products/MindWaveMobile2/MindWaveMobile2UserGuide.pdf. Accessed 31 Jan 2020
Mayer, R.E.: Multimedia learning. In: Psychology of Learning and Motivation, vol. 41, pp. 85–139. Academic Press (2002)
Riva, G., Waterworth, J., Murray, D.: 1 Extending the self through the tools and the others: a general framework for presence and social presence in mediated interactions. In: Interacting with Presence, pp. 9–31. Sciendo Migration (2014)
Whitelock, D., Romano, D., Jelfs, A., Brna, P.: Perfect presence: what does this mean for the design of virtual learning environments? Educ. Inf. Technol. 5(4), 277–289 (2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Loureiro Krassmann, A., Herpich, F., Tarouco, L.M.R., Bercht, M. (2020). Investigating the Relation Between Sense of Presence, Attention and Performance: Virtual Reality Versus Web. In: Stephanidis, C., et al. HCI International 2020 – Late Breaking Papers: Cognition, Learning and Games. HCII 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12425. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60128-7_34
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60128-7_34
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-60127-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-60128-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)