Abstract
Visual Commonsense Reasoning (VCR) requires a thoroughly understanding general information connecting language and vision, as well as the background world knowledge. In this paper, we introduce a novel yet powerful deep hierarchical attention flow framework, which takes full advantage of text information in the query and candidate responses to perform reasoning over the image. Moreover, inspired by the success of machine reading comprehension, we also model the correlation among candidate responses to obtain better response representations. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed model. Empirical results on the benchmark VCR1.0 show that the proposed model outperforms existing strong baselines, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our method.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Anderson, P., et al.: Bottom-up and top-down attention for image captioning and visual question answering. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), June 2018
Ba, L.J., Kiros, J.R., Hinton, G.E.: Layer normalization. CoRR (2016)
Benyounes, H., Cadene, R., Cord, M., Thome, N.: MUTAN: multimodal tucker fusion for visual question answering. arXiv: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2017)
Devlin, J., Chang, M., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, NAACL-HLT 2019, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2–7 June 2019, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers), pp. 4171–4186 (2019)
Goyal, Y., Khot, T., Summers-Stay, D., Batra, D., Parikh, D.: Making the V in VQA matter: elevating the role of image understanding in visual question answering. In: Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2017)
He, K., Gkioxari, G., Dollár, P., Girshick, R.B.: Mask R-CNN. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV 2017, Venice, Italy, 22–29 October 2017, pp. 2980–2988 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2017.322
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2016, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 27–30 June 2016, pp. 770–778 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2016.90
Jabri, A., Joulin, A., van der Maaten, L.: Revisiting visual question answering baselines. In: Leibe, B., Matas, J., Sebe, N., Welling, M. (eds.) ECCV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9912, pp. 727–739. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46484-8_44
Jawahar, G., Sagot, B., Seddah, D.: What does BERT learn about the structure of language? In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 3651–3657. Association for Computational Linguistics, Florence, July 2019
Kim, H., Bansal, M.: Improving visual question answering by referring to generated paragraph captions. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 3606–3612. Association for Computational Linguistics, Florence, July 2019
Kim, J., On, K.W., Lim, W., Kim, J., Ha, J., Zhang, B.: Hadamard product for low-rank bilinear pooling. In: 5th International Conference on Learning Representations (2017)
Kingma, D.P., Ba, J.: Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. In: 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2015, San Diego, CA, USA, 7–9 May 2015 (2015). Conference Track Proceedings
Luong, M., Pham, H., Manning, C.D.: Effective approaches to attention-based neural machine translation. CoRR (2015)
Nguyen, D.K., Okatani, T.: Improved fusion of visual and language representations by dense symmetric co-attention for visual question answering. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), June 2018
Ren, M., Kiros, R., Zemel, R.: Exploring models and data for image question answering. Litoral Revista De La Poesía Y El Pensamiento, pp. 2953–2961 (2015)
Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R.B., Sun, J.: Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39(6), 1137–1149 (2017)
Vaswani, A., et al.: Attention is all you need. CoRR (2017)
Wang, W., Yang, N., Wei, F., Chang, B., Zhou, M.: Gated self-matching networks for reading comprehension and question answering. In: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 189–198. Association for Computational Linguistics, Vancouver, July 2017
Wang, Y., et al.: Multi-passage machine reading comprehension with cross-passage answer verification. In: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 1918–1927. Association for Computational Linguistics, Melbourne, July 2018. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/P18-1178
Wu, J., Hu, Z., Mooney, R.: Generating question relevant captions to aid visual question answering. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 3585–3594. Association for Computational Linguistics, Florence, July 2019
Wu, J., Mooney, R.J.: Self-critical reasoning for robust visual question answering. arXiv: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2019)
Zellers, R., Bisk, Y., Farhadi, A., Choi, Y.: From recognition to cognition: visual commonsense reasoning. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), June 2019
Zhu, H., Wei, F., Qin, B., Liu, T.: Hierarchical attention flow for multiple-choice reading comprehension. In: AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2018)
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the organizers of NLPCC-2020 and the reviewers for their helpful suggestions. This research work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No. 2017YFB1002103.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Song, Y., Jian, P. (2020). Deep Hierarchical Attention Flow for Visual Commonsense Reasoning. In: Zhu, X., Zhang, M., Hong, Y., He, R. (eds) Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing. NLPCC 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12430. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60450-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60450-9_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-60449-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-60450-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)