Abstract
This paper presents an algorithm for grouping strokes. This method includes two stages. Firstly, a set of strokes is transformed into a set of hypotheses that a group of strokes matches the pattern. For this purpose, a method for comparing small groups of strokes is proposed. Then, the set of hypotheses is selected with the use of a decision tree to get a proposition of a word.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
D’Aniello, G., Gaeta, M., Loia, F., Reformat, M., Toti, D.: An environment for collective perception based on fuzzy and semantic approaches. J. Artif. Intell. Soft Comput. Res. 8(3), 191–210 (2018)
Gabryel, M.: The bag-of-words method with different types of image features and dictionary analysis. J. UCS 24(4), 357–371 (2018)
Hou, Y., Holder, L.B.: On graph mining with deep learning: introducing model r for link weight prediction. J. Artif. Intell. Soft Comput. Res. 9(1), 21–40 (2019)
Nobukawa, S., Nishimura, H., Yamanishi, T.: Pattern classification by spiking neural networks combining self-organized and reward-related spike-timing-dependent plasticity. J. Artif. Intell. Soft Comput. Res. 9(4), 283–291 (2019)
Ostrowski, D.J., Cheung, P.Y.K.: A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Handwriting Recognition, pp. 299–314. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-88955-3_10
Phan, D., Na, I.-S., Kim, S.-H., Lee, G.-S., Yang, H.-J.: Triangulation based skeletonization and trajectory recovery for handwritten character patterns. KSII Trans. Internet Inf. Syst. 9, 358–377 (2015)
Rutkowski, T., Łapa, K., Jaworski, M., Nielek, R., Rutkowska, D.: On explainable flexible fuzzy recommender and its performance evaluation using the Akaike information criterion. In: Gedeon, T., Wong, K.W., Lee, M. (eds.) ICONIP 2019. CCIS, vol. 1142, pp. 717–724. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36808-1_78
Rutkowski, T., Łapa, K., Nielek, R.: On explainable fuzzy recommenders and their performance evaluation. Int. J. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci. 29(3), 595–610 (2019)
Shewalkar, A., Nyavanandi, D., Ludwig, S.A.: Performance evaluation of deep neural networks applied to speech recognition: RNN, lSTM and GRU. J. Artif. Intell. Soft Comput. Res. 9(4), 235–245 (2019)
Tambouratzis, G.: Using particle swarm optimization to accurately identify syntactic phrases in free text. J. Artif. Intell. Soft Comput. Res. 8(1), 63–67 (2018)
Wei, R., Cao, J.: Synchronization analysis of inertial memristive neural networks with time-varying delays. J. Artif. Intell. Soft Comput. Res. 8(4), 269–282 (2018)
Wróbel, M., Nieszporek, K., Starczewski, J.T., Cader, A.: A fuzzy measure for recognition of handwritten letter strokes. In: Rutkowski, L., Scherer, R., Korytkowski, M., Pedrycz, W., Tadeusiewicz, R., Zurada, J.M. (eds.) ICAISC 2018. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 10841, pp. 761–770. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91253-0_70
Wróbel, M., Starczewski, J.T., Napoli, C.: Handwriting recognition with extraction of letter fragments. In: Rutkowski, L., Korytkowski, M., Scherer, R., Tadeusiewicz, R., Zadeh, L.A., Zurada, J.M. (eds.) ICAISC 2017. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 10246, pp. 183–192. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59060-8_18
Wróbel, M., Starczewski, J.T., Nieszporek, K., Opiełka, P., Kaźmierczak, A.: A greedy algorithm for extraction of handwritten strokes. In: Rutkowski, L., Scherer, R., Korytkowski, M., Pedrycz, W., Tadeusiewicz, R., Zurada, J.M. (eds.) ICAISC 2019. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 11509, pp. 464–473. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20915-5_42
Zhao, Y., Liu, Q.: A continuous-time distributed algorithm for solving a class of decomposable nonconvex quadratic programming. J. Artif. Intell. Soft Comput. Res. 8(4), 283–291 (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wróbel, M., Starczewski, J.T., Napoli, C. (2020). Grouping Handwritten Letter Strokes Using a Fuzzy Decision Tree. In: Rutkowski, L., Scherer, R., Korytkowski, M., Pedrycz, W., Tadeusiewicz, R., Zurada, J.M. (eds) Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing. ICAISC 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12416. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61534-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61534-5_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-61533-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-61534-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)