Skip to main content

What Do Robo-Advisors Recommend? - An Analysis of Portfolio Structure, Performance and Risk

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing ((LNBIP,volume 401))

Abstract

Robo-Advisors guide investors through an automated investment advisory process, recommend personalized portfolio assignments based on their individual risk-affinity as well as investment goals and rebalance the portfolio automatically over time. Giving basic investment advice to customers, it can provide a useful way to reduce risk by diversifying and mitigating biases, while keeping a certain degree of performance at low costs. To verify these claims we conduct a sophisticated analysis of recommended portfolios of 36 Robo-Advisors, based on six distinct model customers with different risk-affinities and investment horizons, resulting in 216 recommended portfolios. We find that the analyzed Robo-Advisors provide distinct recommended portfolios for the different risk/investment horizon combinations, while sharing similarities in used products for portfolio allocation. We also find issues within the recommended portfolios, e.g. a low degree of distinctiveness between different investment horizons and a high amount of equities even in the short-term investment horizon.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Alt, R., Puschmann, T.: Digitalisierung der Finanzindustrie Grundlagen der Fintech-Evolution. Springer Gabler, Heidelberg (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50542-7

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Jung, D., Dorner, V., Glaser, F., Morana, S.: Robo-advisory - digitalization and automation of financial advisory. Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng. 60, 81–86 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Gomber, P., Kauffman, R.J., Parker, C., Weber, B.W.: On the fintech revolution: interpreting the forces of innovation, disruption, and transformation in financial services. J Manage. Inform. Syst. 35, 220–265 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sironi, P.: FinTech innovation - from robo-advisory to goal based investing and gamification. Wiley, Chichester (2016)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  5. D’Acunto, F., Prabhala, N., Rossi, A.G.: The promises and pitfalls of robo-advising. Rev. Financ. Stud. 32, 1983–2020 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Jung, D., Weinhardt, C.: Robo-advisors and financial decision inertia: how choice architecture helps to reduce inertia in financial planning tools. Presented at the Thirty Ninth International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS) (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Robo-Advisor. https://www.robo-advisor.de/. Accessed 25 July 2020

  8. Brokervergleich. https://www.brokervergleich.de/. Accessed 25 July 2020

  9. Cambridge English Dictionary. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/robot&…/adviser. Accessed 25 July 2020

  10. Beketov, M., Lehmann, K., Wittke, M.: Robo advisors: quantitative methods inside the robots. J. Asset Manage. 19, 363–370 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Faloon, M., Scherer, B.: Individualization of robo-advice. J. Wealth Manage. 20, 30–36 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nussbaumer, P., Matter, I., Reto à Porta, G., Schwabe, G.: Design für Kostentransparenz in Anlageberatungsgesprächen. Wirtschaftsinformatik. 54, 335–350 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Tertilt, M., Scholz, P.: To advise, or not to advise—how robo-advisors evaluate the risk preferences of private investors. J. Wealth Manage. 21, 80–84 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Jung, D., Glaser, F., Köpplin, W.: Robo-advisory: opportunities and risks for the future of financial advisory. In: Advances in Consulting Research, pp. 405–427 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Reher, M., Sun, C.: Automated financial management: diversification and account size flexibility. J. Invest. Manage. 31(2), 1–13 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Scherer, B.: Algorithmic portfolio choice: lessons from panel survey data. Fin. Markets. Portfolio Mgmt. 31(1), 49–67 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11408-016-0282-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Huxley, S.J., Kim, J.Y.: The Short-Term Nature of Robo Portfolios. Advisor Perspectives (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Amadi, F.Y., Amadi, C.W.: Investment Horizon and the Choice of Mutual Fund. IJBM 14, 76 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Warren, G.: Long-term investing: what determines investment horizon? CIFR Paper No. 39, 1–39 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Steiner, M., Bruns, C., Stöckl, S.: Wertpapiermanagement: Professionelle Wertpapieranalyse und Portfoliostrukturierung. Schäffer-Poeschel, Stuttgart (2017)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  21. Mondello, E.: Finance: Angewandte Grundlagen. Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21579-8

  22. Berk, J., Demarzo, P.: Corporate Finance. Global Edition, Pearson (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Markowitz, H.: Portfolio selection. J. Finan. 7, 77–91 (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Sharpe, W.F.: Mutual fund performance. J. Bus. 39, 119–138 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sharpe, W.F.: The sharpe ratio. J. Portfolio Manage. 21, 49–58 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Janssen, J., Laatz, W.: Statistische Datenanalyse mit SPSS: Eine anwendungsorientierte Einführung in das Basissystem und das Modul Exakte Tests. Gabler Verlag (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Field, A.: Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. SAGE Publications Ltd., Thousand Oaks (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Statista: Savings rate of households in selected countries worldwide from 2010 to 2018. https://www.statista.com/statistics/246296/savings-rate-in-percent-of-disposable-income-worldwide/. Accessed 25 July 2020

  29. Statista: Robo-Advisors - United States. https://www.statista.com/outlook/337/109/robo-advisors/united-states?currency=eur. Accessed 25 July 2020

  30. Statista: Robo-Advisors – Germany. https://www.statista.com/outlook/337/137/robo-advisors/germany?currency=eur. Accessed 25 July 2020

  31. Statista: Net private financial assets per capita by country 2018. https://www.statista.com/statistics/329074/net-private-financial-assets-per-capita-worldwide/. Accessed 25 July 2020

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Albert Torno .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Appendix

Appendix

Table 4. Exemplary static characteristics of model customer
Table 5. Exemplary questions concerning dynamic characteristics of model customer
Table 6. Analyzed Robo-Advisors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Torno, A., Schildmann, S. (2020). What Do Robo-Advisors Recommend? - An Analysis of Portfolio Structure, Performance and Risk. In: Clapham, B., Koch, JA. (eds) Enterprise Applications, Markets and Services in the Finance Industry. FinanceCom 2020. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 401. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64466-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64466-6_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-64465-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-64466-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics