Abstract
Diagnosis of skin lesions is a challenging task due to the similarities between different lesion types, in terms of appearance, location, and size. We present a deep learning method for skin lesion classification by fine-tuning three pre-trained deep learning architectures (Xception, Inception-ResNet-V2, and NasNetLarge), using the training set provided by ISIC2019 organizers. We combine deep convolutional networks with the Error Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) framework to address the open set classification problem and to deal with the heavily imbalanced dataset of ISIC2019. Experimental results show that the proposed framework achieves promising performance that is comparable with the top results obtained in the ISIC2019 challenge leaderboard.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
We consider a dermoscopy as uncropped if one-fourth the number of original pixels are dark.
- 2.
References
Alquran, H., et al.: The melanoma skin cancer detection and classification using support vector machine. In: 2017 IEEE Jordan Conference on Applied Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies (AEECT), pp. 1–5. IEEE (2017)
Atito, S., Yanikoglu, B.A., Aptoula, E.: Plant identification with large number of classes: sabanciu-gebzetu system in plantclef 2017. In: Working Notes of CLEF 2017 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, Dublin, Ireland, September 11–14, 2017. vol. 1866 (2017)
Atito, S., et al.: Plant identification with deep learning ensembles. In: Working Notes of CLEF 2018 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, Avignon, France, 10–14 September 2018, vol. 2125 (2018)
Barata, C., Celebi, M.E., Marques, J.S.: Improving dermoscopy image classification using color constancy. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. 19(3), 1146–1152 (2014)
Chollet, F.: Xception: deep learning with depthwise separable convolutions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1251–1258 (2017)
Codella, N.C.F., et al.: Skin lesion analysis toward melanoma detection. In: IEEE 15th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), pp. 168–172 (2018)
Combalia, M., et al.: Bcn20000: Dermoscopic lesions in the wild (2019)
Dietterich, T.G., Bakiri, G.: Solving multiclass learning problems via error-correcting output codes. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 2, 263–286 (1994)
Esteva, A., et al.: Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks. Nature 542(7639), 115–118 (2017)
Finlayson, G.D., Trezzi, E.: Shades of gray and colour constancy. In: Color and Imaging Conference, vol. 2004, pp. 37–41. Society for Imaging Science and Technology (2004)
Gutman, D., et al.: Skin lesion analysis toward melanoma detection: a challenge at the international symposium on biomedical imaging (ISBI) 2016, hosted by the international skin imaging collaboration (ISIC). arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.01397 (2016)
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 770–778 (2016)
Kearns, M.J., Valiant, L.G.: Learning boolean formulae or finite automata is as hard as factoring (1988)
Kimball, A.: The US dermatology workforce: a specialty remains in shortage. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 59, 741–745 (2008)
Kittler, H., Pehamberger, H., Wolff, K., Binder, M.: Diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy. The Lancet Oncol. 3, 159–165 (2002)
Liu, M., Zhang, D., Chen, S., Xue, H.: Joint binary classifier learning for ecoc-based multi-class classification. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 38, 2335–2341 (2016)
Qin, J., Liu, L., Shao, L., Shen, F., Ni, B., Chen, J., Wang, Y.: Zero-shot action recognition with error-correcting output codes. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), July 2017
Russakovsky, O., et al.: ImageNet large scale visual recognition challenge. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 115(3), 211–252 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-015-0816-y
Szegedy, C., Ioffe, S., Vanhoucke, V., Alemi, A.A.: Inception-v4, inception-resnet and the impact of residual connections on learning. In: Thirty-First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2017)
Szegedy, C., et al.: Going deeper with convolutions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1–9 (2015)
Tan, C., Sun, F., Kong, T., Zhang, W., Yang, C., Liu, C.: A Survey on Deep Transfer Learning: 27th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Rhodes, Greece, October 4–7, 2018, Proceedings, Part III, pp. 270–279 (2018)
Tschandl, P., Rosendahl, C., Kittler, H.: The ham10000 dataset, a large collection of multi-source dermatoscopic images of common pigmented skin lesions. Scientific Data 5, 180161 (2018)
Ud Din, I., Rodrigues, J., Islam, N.: A novel deep learning based framework for the detection and classification of breast cancer using transfer learning. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 125 (2019)
Zoph, B., Vasudevan, V., Shlens, J., Le, Q.V.: Learning transferable architectures for scalable image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 8697–8710 (2018)
Zor, C., Windeatt, T., Yanikoglu, B.A.: Bias-variance analysis of ECOC and bagging using neural nets. In: Ensembles in Machine Learning Applications (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ali Ahmed, S.A., Yanikoglu, B., Zor, C., Awais, M., Kittler, J. (2020). Skin Lesion Diagnosis with Imbalanced ECOC Ensembles. In: Nicosia, G., et al. Machine Learning, Optimization, and Data Science. LOD 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12566. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64580-9_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64580-9_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-64579-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-64580-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)