Skip to main content

A Hierarchical Approach for Joint Extraction of Entities and Relations

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in Information Retrieval (ECIR 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 12656))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 2289 Accesses

Abstract

Most existing approaches for the extraction of entities and relations face two main challenges: extracting overlapping relations and capturing the interactions between entity and relation extractions. In this paper, we present a novel sequence-to-sequence model with a hierarchical decoder to solve both issues elegantly and efficiently. Specifically, we use the low-level decoder to predict multi-relations and produce a relation vector for each triple. Given this relation vector, the high-level decoder generates two entities associated with the triple. In this manner, we can directly capture the interactions between entity and relation extractions. Moreover, by decomposing two tasks into two decoding phases, the overlapping multi-relations extraction can be naturally separated. Experiments on popular public datasets demonstrate that our model can effectively extract overlapping triples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/glove/.

References

  1. Bahdanau, D., Cho, K., Bengio, Y.: Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0473 (2014)

  2. Bekoulis, G., Deleu, J., Demeester, T., Develder, C.: Adversarial training for multi-context joint entity and relation extraction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.06876 (2018)

  3. Bekoulis, G., Deleu, J., Demeester, T., Develder, C.: Joint entity recognition and relation extraction as a multi-head selection problem. Expert Syst. Appl. 114, 34–45 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cai, R., Zhang, X., Wang, H.: Bidirectional recurrent convolutional neural network for relation classification. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), vol. 1, pp. 756–765 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chan, Y.S., Roth, D.: Exploiting syntactico-semantic structures for relation extraction. In: Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, vol. 1, pp. 551–560. Association for Computational Linguistics (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chen, X., Lei, X., Liu, Z., Sun, M., Luan, H.: Joint learning of character and word embeddings. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: Bert: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018)

  8. dos Santos, C., Xiang, B., Zhou, B.: Classifying relations by ranking with convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 626–634 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Eberts, M., Ulges, A.: Span-based joint entity and relation extraction with transformer pre-training. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.07755 (2019)

  10. El Hihi, S., Bengio, Y.: Hierarchical recurrent neural networks for long-term dependencies. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 493–499 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fu, T.-J., Li, P.-H., Ma, W.-Y.: Graphrel: modeling text as relational graphs for joint entity and relation extraction. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 1409–1418 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Jing, B., Xie, P., Xing, E.: On the automatic generation of medical imaging reports. arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.08195 (2017)

  13. Katiyar, A., Cardie, C.: Investigating LSTMs for joint extraction of opinion entities and relations. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), vol. 1, pp. 919–929 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lample, G., Ballesteros, M., Subramanian, S., Kawakami, K., Dyer, C.: Neural architectures for named entity recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.01360 (2016)

  15. Li, Q., Ji, H.: Incremental joint extraction of entity mentions and relations. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 402–412 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Liang, X., Hu, Z., Zhang, H., Gan, C., Xing, E.P.: Recurrent topic-transition GAN for visual paragraph generation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 3362–3371 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Liu, Y., Wei, F., Li, S., Ji, H., Zhou, M., Wang, H.: A dependency-based neural network for relation classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1507.04646 (2015)

  18. Miwa, M., Bansal, M.: End-to-end relation extraction using LSTMs on sequences and tree structures. arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.00770 (2016)

  19. Miwa, M., Sasaki, Y.: Modeling joint entity and relation extraction with table representation. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1858–1869 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ren, X., et al.: Cotype: joint extraction of typed entities and relations with knowledge bases. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 1015–1024. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Balcázar, J.L., Bonchi, F., Gionis, A., Sebag, M. (eds.): ECML PKDD 2010. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 6323. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15939-8

    Book  Google Scholar 

  22. Socher, R., Huval, B., Manning, C.D., Ng., A.Y.: Semantic compositionality through recursive matrix-vector spaces. In: Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 1201–1211. Association for Computational Linguistics (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Takanobu, R., Zhang, T., Liu, J., Huang, M.: A hierarchical framework for relation extraction with reinforcement learning. Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell. 33, 7072–7079 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Wang, L., Cao, Z., De Melo, G., Liu, Z.: Relation classification via multi-level attention CNNs (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Yamada, I., Shindo, H., Takeda, H., Takefuji, Y.: Joint learning of the embedding of words and entities for named entity disambiguation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.01343 (2016)

  26. Yu, H., Wang, J., Huang, Z., Yang, Y., Xu, W.: Video paragraph captioning using hierarchical recurrent neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4584–4593 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Zelenko, D., Aone, C., Richardella, A.: Kernel methods for relation extraction. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3, 1083–1106 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Zeng, D., Liu, K., Lai, S., Zhou, G., Zhao, J.: Relation classification via convolutional deep neural network. In: Proceedings of COLING 2014, the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers, pp. 2335–2344 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zeng, X., Zeng, D., He, S., Liu, K., Zhao, J.: Extracting relational facts by an end-to-end neural model with copy mechanism. In: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), vol. 1, pp. 506–514 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Zhang, D., Wang, D.: Relation classification via recurrent neural network. arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.01006 (2015)

  31. Zhang, Y., Yang, J.: Chinese NER using lattice LSTM. arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.02023 (2018)

  32. Zheng, S., Wang, F., Bao, H., Hao, Y., Zhou, P., Xu, B.: Joint extraction of entities and relations based on a novel tagging scheme. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.05075 (2017)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Siqi Xiao .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Xiao, S., Zhang, Q., Sun, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, L. (2021). A Hierarchical Approach for Joint Extraction of Entities and Relations. In: Hiemstra, D., Moens, MF., Mothe, J., Perego, R., Potthast, M., Sebastiani, F. (eds) Advances in Information Retrieval. ECIR 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12656. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72113-8_47

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72113-8_47

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-72112-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-72113-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics