Abstract
Since the Covid-19 pandemic emerged, there has been a heavy focus on hand hygiene. In schools and kindergartens, this means that teachers and assistants use a lot of their time to help and supervise children during hand washing. This paper investigates whether children in schools can be enabled to perform a proper hand wash without supervision from adults by introducing a smart mirror approach, providing instructions and feedback. Two designs are tested by school children. An evaluation indicates that children are motivated by and find the concept engaging. Results show that a ubiquitous system like this enables children to perform proper hand washing independently.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Tousman, S., Arnold, D., Helland, W., Roth, R., Heshelman, N., Castaneda, O., Fischer, E., O’Neil, K., Bileto, S.: Evaluation of a hand washing program for 2nd-graders. J. Sch. Nurs. 23(6), 342–348 (2007)
Seimetz, E., Kumar, S., Mosler, H.-J.: Effects of an awareness raising campaign on intention and behavioural determinants for handwashing. Health Educ. Res. 31(2), 109–120 (2016)
Jetha, Q., Bisserbe, C.: Can social motivators improve handwashing behavior among children? Evidence from a cluster randomized trial of a school hygiene intervention in the Philippines. Int. J. Epidemiol. 39, i193–i205 (2010)
Friedrich, M.N., Binkert, M.E., Mosler, H.J.: Contextual and psychosocial determinants of effective handwashing technique: recommendations for interventions from a case study in Harare, Zimbabwe. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 96(2), 430–436 (2017)
Ford, E.W., Boyer, B.T., Menachemi, N., Huerta, T.R.: Increasing hand washing compliance with a simple visual cue. Am. J. Public Health 104(10), 1851–1856 (2014)
Alboaneen, D.A., Alsaffar, D., Alateeq, A., Alqahtani, A., Alfahhad, A., Alqahtani, B., Alamri, R., Alamri, L.: Internet of things based smart mirrors: a literature review. In: 2020 3rd International Conference on Computer Applications & Information Security (ICCAIS), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2020)
Elsayed-Ali, S., Bonsignore, E., Kacorri, H., Subramaniam, M.: Designing for children’s values: conceptualizing value-sensitive technologies with children. In: Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference: Extended Abstracts, pp. 296–301 (2020)
Langener, S.: Elementary school children’s motivation and experience toward digital hand hygiene gamification: a mixed methods approach. Master’s thesis, University of Twente (2019)
Sparapani, V.D.C., Fels, S., Nascimento, L.C.: The value of children’s voices for a video game development in the context of type 1 diabetes: focus group study. JMIR Diabetes 2(2), e17 (2017)
Interaction Design Foundation. https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/gamification
Sharp, H., Rogers, Y., Preece, J.: Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction. Wiley, Indianapolis (2019)
Pereira, P., Duarte, E., Rebelo, F., Noriega, P.: A review of gamification for health-related contexts. In: Marcus, A. (ed.) Design, User Experience, and Usability. User Experience Design for Diverse Interaction Platforms and Environments. DUXU 2014. LNCS, vol. 8518, pp. 742—753. Springer, Cham (2014)
Gelderblom, H., Kotzé, P.: Designing technology for young children: what we can learn from theories of cognitive development. In: Proceedings of the 2008 Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists on IT Research in Developing Countries: Riding the Wave of Technology, pp. 66–75. Association for Computing Machinery, Wilderness (2008)
Acknowledgements
Thank you to associate Professor Georgios Marentakis for guidance and supervision throughout this project. We would also like to thank the interviewees, the teacher and the class of 1st graders that contributed to this project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rabben, NC.W., Mikkelsplass, S.A. (2021). A Smart Mirror to Encourage Independent Hand Washing for Children. In: Ahram, T., Taiar, R., Groff, F. (eds) Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Applications IV. IHIET-AI 2021. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1378. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74009-2_57
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74009-2_57
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-73270-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-74009-2
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)