Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction

HCII 2021: HCI in Games: Experience Design and Game Mechanics pp 57–74Cite as

Foresthlon: Investigating Gender Experience Through a Hybrid BCI Game

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

  • 1627 Accesses

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 12789))

Abstract

Foresthlon is an adaptation of the well known Biathlon game where the player has to move in a forest as well as shoot at the target in order to win the game. A two-dimensional hybrid BCI game was designed and implemented in order to provide a new and exciting experience for the player without ruining gameplay. The main goal of the game is to run and hit all the targets as quickly as possible as the main indicator of how successful the attempt is the time the player was able to finish the game. A user study was performed with 30 participants to examine gender differences in terms of user-experience, cognitive workload, and performance. Results indicate that male participants performed slightly better than females, although there are no significant differences.

Partially supported by the project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 739578 (RISE–Call: H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2) and the Government of the Republic of Cyprus through the Directorate General for European Programmes, Coordination and Development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Allison, B.Z., Brunner, C., Kaiser, V., Müller-Putz, G.R., Neuper, C., Pfurtscheller, G.: Toward a hybrid brain-computer interface based on imagined movement and visual attention. J. Neural Eng. 7(2), 026007 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/7/2/026007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bakaoukas, A.G., Coada, F., Liarokapis, F.: Examining brain activity while playing computer games. J. Multimodal User Interfaces 10(1), 13–29 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12193-015-0205-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Berger, H.: On the electroencephalogram of man. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, pp. Suppl 28:37+ (1969). http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/4188918

  4. Bonanno, P., Kommers, P.: Gender differences and styles in the use of digital games. Educ. Psychol. 25(1), 13–41 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341042000294877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bos, D.P., et al.: Human-computer interaction for BCI games: usability and user experience. In: 2010 International Conference on Cyberworlds, pp. 277–281 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/CW.2010.22

  6. Davidson, R.J., Schwartz, G.E., Pugash, E., Bromfield, E.: Sex differences in patterns of d asymmetry. Biological Psychology 4(2), 119–137 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(76)90012-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ferrez, P.W., Millán, J.D.R.: Simultaneous real-time detection of motor imagery and error-related potentials for improved BCI accuracy. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Brain-Computer Interface Workshop and Training Course (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Fiałek, S., Liarokapis, F.: Comparing two commercial brain computer interfaces for serious games and virtual environments. In: Karpouzis, K., Yannakakis, G.N. (eds.) Emotion in Games. SC, vol. 4, pp. 103–117. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41316-7_6

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Hart, S.G., Staveland, L.E.: Development of NASA-TLX (task load index): results of empirical and theoretical research. In: Hancock, P.A., Meshkati, N. (eds.) Advances in Psychology, Human Mental Workload, vol. 52, pp. 139–183. North-Holland (Jan 1988). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166411508623869

  10. Kerous, B., Skola, F., Liarokapis, F.: EEG-based BCI and video games: a progress report. Virtual Reality 22(2), 119–135 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-017-0328-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kober, S.E., Neuper, C.: Sex differences in human EEG theta oscillations during spatial navigation in virtual reality. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 79(3), 347–355 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.12.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Konečný, R.: Brain Computer Interfaces for Games. Master’s thesis, Masaryk University, Faculty of Informatics, Brno, Czech Republic (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Laaksonen, M.S., Jonsson, M., Holmberg, H.C.: The Olympic biathlon - recent advances and perspectives after Pyeongchang. Front. Physiol. 9, 796 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00796

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Leeb, R., Lancelle, M., Kaiser, V., Fellner, D.W., Pfurtscheller, G.: Thinking penguin: multimodal brain-computer interface control of a VR game. IEEE Trans. Comput. Intell. AI Games 5(2), 117–128 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCIAIG.2013.2242072

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Leeb, R., et al.: Walking by thinking: the brainwaves are crucial, not the muscles! Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environ. 15(5), 500–514 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.15.5.500

  16. Liarokapis, F., Vourvopoulos, A., Ene, A.: Examining user experiences through a multimodal bci puzzle game. In: 2015 19th International Conference on Information Visualisation, pp. 488–493 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/iV.2015.87

  17. Millán, J.D.R., et al.: Combining brain-computer interfaces and assistive technologies: state-of-the-art and challenges. Front. Neurosci. 4, 161 (2010). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2010.00161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Monori, F., Oniga, S.: Processing EEG signals acquired from a consumer grade BCI device. Carpathian J. Electron. Comput. Eng. 11(2), 29–34 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2018-0015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Mueller-Putz, G., et al.: Tools for brain-computer interaction: a general concept for a hybrid BCI. Front. Neuroinform. 5, 30 (2011). https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Nayak, T., Ko, L., Jung, T., Huang, Y.: Target classification in a novel SSVEP-RSVP based BCI gaming system. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC), pp. 4194–4198 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC.2019.8914174

  21. Padilla-Walker, L., Nelson, L., Carroll, J., Jensen, A.: More than a just a game: video game and internet use during emerging adulthood. J. Youth Adolesc. 39, 103–13 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9390-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Pfurtscheller, G., et al.: The hybrid BCI. Front. Neurosci. 4, 3 (2010). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnpro.2010.00003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Plass-Oude Bos, D., et al.: Brain-Computer Interfacing and Games. In: Tan, D., Nijholt, A. (eds.) Brain-Computer Interfaces, pp. 149–178. Springer, London (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-272-8_10

  24. Scherer, R., Muller, G.R., Neuper, C., Graimann, B., Pfurtscheller, G.: An asynchronously controlled EEG-based virtual keyboard: improvement of the spelling rate. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 51(6), 979–984 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2004.827062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Scherer, R., Pröll, M., Allison, B., Müller-Putz, G.R.: New input modalities for modern game design and virtual embodiment. In: 2012 IEEE Virtual Reality Workshops (VRW), pp. 163–164 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2012.6180932

  26. Vidal, J.J.: Real-time detection of brain events in EEG. Proc. IEEE 65(5), 633–641 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1977.10542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Vourvopoulos, A., Niforatos, E., Hlinka, M., Škola, F., Liarokapis, F.: Investigating the effect of user profile during training for BCI-based games. In: 2017 9th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games), pp. 117–124 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/VS-GAMES.2017.8056579

  28. Wang, Z., Yu, Y., Xu, M., Liu, Y., Yin, E., Zhou, Z.: Towards a hybrid BCI gaming paradigm based on motor imagery and SSVEP. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 35(3), 197–205 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2018.1445068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Winn, J., Heeter, C.: Gaming, gender, and time: who makes time to play? Sex Roles 61, 1–13 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9595-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Wolpaw, J.R., Birbaumer, N., McFarland, D.J., Pfurtscheller, G., Vaughan, T.M.: Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control. Clin. Neurophysiol. 113(6), 767–791 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(02)00057-3. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388245702000573

Download references

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank all participants that took place on the user evaluation study as well as Filip Škola for his guidelines.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic

    Roman Konečný

  2. Research Centre on Interactive Media, Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies, 1011, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Fotis Liarokapis

  3. Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus

    Fotis Liarokapis

Authors
  1. Roman Konečný
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fotis Liarokapis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fotis Liarokapis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Xiaowen Fang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Konečný, R., Liarokapis, F. (2021). Foresthlon: Investigating Gender Experience Through a Hybrid BCI Game. In: Fang, X. (eds) HCI in Games: Experience Design and Game Mechanics. HCII 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12789. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77277-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77277-2_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-77276-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-77277-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation