Abstract
This paper proposes a novel method for using a PoW-based Blockchain to ensure data integrity in cloud database management systems. The use of cloud platforms for storing data or even hosting databases is incredibly huge, and in many cases, there is no convenient way for a client to check the integrity of the data stored in the cloud database. To solve this, we propose a technique based on an interaction between the cloud platform and a PoW-based Blockchain. This interaction exploits a Distributed Hash Table and lightweight software agents, which are monitoring changes done to cloud database storage nodes. Data update operations are published by the agents as Blockchain log/audit transactions that propagate deep into the Blockchain network until they become immutably and cryptographically protected by it. The proposed method enables the Cloud Provider to manage metadata so that it will be able to easily detect deliberate or accidental corruptions of transactions and to recover the transactions in case such a data corruption incident occurs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Nguyen, D.C., Pathirana, P.N., Ding, M., Seneviratne, A.: Integration of blockchain and cloud of things: Architecture, applications and challenges. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 22(4), 2521–2549 (2020)
Deka, G.C.: A survey of cloud database systems. IT Professional 16(2), 50–57 (2013)
Zhang, Y., Xu, C., Lin, X., Shen, X.S.: Blockchain-based public integrity verification for cloud storage against procrastinating auditors. In: IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, p. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.2019.2908400
Zikratov, I., Kuzmin, A., Akimenko, V., Niculichev, V., Yalansky, L.: Ensuring data integrity using Blockchain technology. In: 2017 20th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT), pp. 534–539. IEEE (2017)
Gaetani, E., Aniello, L., Baldoni, R., Lombardi, F., Margheri, A., Sassone, V.: Blockchain-based database to ensure data integrity in cloud computing environments (2017)
Basu, A., Dimitrakos, T., Nakano, Y., Kiyomoto, S.: A framework for Blockchain-based verification of integrity and authenticity. In: Meng, W., Cofta, P., Jensen, C.D., Grandison, T. (eds.) IFIPTM 2019. IAICT, vol. 563, pp. 196–208. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33716-2_15
Merkle, R.C.: A certified digital signature. In: Brassard, G. (ed.) CRYPTO 1989. LNCS, vol. 435, pp. 218–238. Springer, New York (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34805-0_21
Awerbuch, B., Scheideler, C.: Towards a scalable and robust DHT. Theor. Comput. Syst. 45(2), 234–260 (2009)
Zyskind, G., Nathan, O.: Decentralizing privacy: using Blockchain to protect personal data. In: 2015 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops, pp. 180–184. IEEE (2015)
Sankar, L.S., Sindhu, M., Sethumadhavan, M.: Survey of consensus protocols on Blockchain applications. In: 2017 4th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), pp. 1–5. IEEE (2017)
Nakamoto, S.: Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system (2009). https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
Wood, G.: Ethereum: a secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum Project Yellow Paper 151, 1–32 (2014)
Weintraub, G., Gudes, E.: Data integrity verification in column-oriented NoSQL databases. In: Kerschbaum, F., Paraboschi, S. (eds.) DBSec 2018. LNCS, vol. 10980, pp. 165–181. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95729-6_11
Xie, M., Wang, H., Yin, J., Meng, X.: Integrity auditing of outsourced data. In: Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, pp. 782–793 (2007)
Wei, P., Wang, D., Zhao, Y., Tyagi, S.K.S., Kumar, N.: Blockchain data-based cloud data integrity protection mechanism. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 102, 902–911 (2020)
Wong, W.K., Kao, B., Cheung, D.W.L., Li, R., Yiu, S.M.: Secure query processing with data interoperability in a cloud database environment. In: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, pp. 1395–1406 (2014)
Reyhanian, N., Farmanbar, H., Mohajer, S., Luo, Z. Q.: Resource provisioning for virtual network function deployment with in-subnetwork processing. In: 2020 IEEE 21st International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), pp. 1–5. IEEE (2020)
Battah, A.A., Madine, M.M., Alzaabi, H., Yaqoob, I., Salah, K., Jayaraman, R.: Blockchain-based multi-party authorization for accessing IPFS encrypted data. IEEE Access 8, 196813–196825 (2020)
Li, Q.L., Ma, J.Y., Chang, Y.X., Ma, F.Q., Yu, H.B.: Markov processes in blockchain systems. Comput. Soc. Netw. 6(1), 1–28 (2019)
Khanuja, H.K., Adane, D.S.: Database security threats and challenges in database forensic: a survey. In: Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Advancements in Information Technology (AIT 2011) (2011). http://www.ipcsit.com/vol20/33-ICAIT2011-A4072.pdf
Wang, Z., Minsky, N.H.: Towards secure distributed hash table. In: Guo, S., Liao, X., Liu, F., Zhu, Y. (eds.) CollaborateCom 2015. LNICST, vol. 163, pp. 257–266. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28910-6_23
Ara, S.S., Thakur, S., Breslin, J.G.: Secure and distributed crowd-sourcing task coordination using the Blockchain mechanism. In: Montella, R., Ciaramella, A., Fortino, G., Guerrieri, A., Liotta, A. (eds.) IDCS 2019. LNCS, vol. 11874, pp. 402–413. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34914-1_38
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Vainshtein, Y., Gudes, E. (2021). Use of Blockchain for Ensuring Data Integrity in Cloud Databases. In: Dolev, S., Margalit, O., Pinkas, B., Schwarzmann, A. (eds) Cyber Security Cryptography and Machine Learning. CSCML 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12716. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78086-9_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78086-9_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-78085-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-78086-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)