Skip to main content

COVID-19 Portal: Machine Learning Techniques Applied to the Analysis of Judicial Processes Related to the Pandemic

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
New Trends in Database and Information Systems (ADBIS 2021)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic created new demands, not only for health services, but also for services in other domains such as the judicial system. New tools that assist in the analysis of the judicial process may help in this problem. In particular, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques may be applied to provide a qualitative analysis of legal documents. Although there exist a number of works that apply AI in the judicial domain, few target the pandemic or publicly provide the information extracted from the texts. Following the suggestions and needs of a legal expert, we have developed the COVID-19 Portal. It extracts documents from the Supreme Federal Court in Brazil, and applies AI technologies to obtain fine-grained quantitative and qualitative information on words used in the texts. This information is made available on a website and can help lawyers identify trends and develop arguments for judicial processes related to the pandemic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://portalcovid-cbio-cd.herokuapp.com/.

  2. 2.

    http://portal.stf.jus.br/.

  3. 3.

    https://github.com/thefonseca/lex2vec.

  4. 4.

    https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html.

  5. 5.

    https://covid19.who.int/.

  6. 6.

    https://www.datalawyer.com.br/dados-covid-19-justica-trabalhista.

  7. 7.

    http://www.nltk.org/.

  8. 8.

    https://www.json.org/.

  9. 9.

    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-370/.

  10. 10.

    https://cloud.mongodb.com/.

  11. 11.

    https://nodejs.org/.

  12. 12.

    https://reactjs.org/.

  13. 13.

    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.cluster.KMeans.html.

  14. 14.

    In clustering evaluation using silhouette metric, the best value is 1, and the worst value is \(-1\). Values near 0 indicate overlapping clusters. Negative values generally indicate that a sample has been assigned to the wrong cluster, as a different cluster is more similar.

References

  1. Bird, S., Klein, E., Loper, E.: Natural Language Processing with Python: Analyzing Text with the Natural Language Toolkit. O’Reilly Media Inc., Sebastopol (2009)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Blei, D.M., Ng, A.Y., Jordan, M.I.: Latent dirichlet allocation. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3, 993–1022 (2003)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Carriere, J., et al.: Case report: utilizing AI and NLP to assist with healthcare and rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front. Artif. Intell. 4 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cinelli, M., et al.: The COVID-19 social media infodemic. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.05004 (2020)

  5. Fersini, E., Messina, E., Archetti, F., Cislaghi, M.: Semantics and machine learning: a new generation of court management systems. In: Fred, A., Dietz, J.L.G., Liu, K., Filipe, J. (eds.) Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering, and Knowledge Management, vol. 272, pp. 382–398. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29764-9_26

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Le, Q., Mikolov, T.: Distributed representations of sentences and documents. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 1188–1196 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Liu, J., Han, J., Aggarwal, C., Reddy, C.: Spectral clustering (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lu, Q., Conrad, J.G., Al-Kofahi, K., Keenan, W.: Legal document clustering with built-in topic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the 20th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 383–392. ACM (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  9. MacQueen, J., et al.: Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, vol. 1, no. 14, pp. 281–297 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  10. McCarty, L.T.: Deep semantic interpretations of legal texts. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, pp. 217–224. ACM (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., Dean, J.: Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. In: 1st International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2013, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, 2–4 May 2013, Workshop Track Proceedings (2013). arXiv:1301.3781

  12. Murtagh, F., Legendre, P.: Ward’s hierarchical agglomerative clustering method: which algorithms implement ward’s criterion? J. Classif. 31(3), 274–295 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-014-9161-z

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Pedregosa, F., et al.: Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 12(85), 2825–2830 (2011). http://jmlr.org/papers/v12/pedregosa11a.html

  14. Reimers, N., Gurevych, I.: Making monolingual sentence embeddings multilingual using knowledge distillation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.09813 (2020)

  15. Schubert, E., Sander, J., Ester, M., Kriegel, H.P., Xu, X.: DBSCAN revisited, revisited: why and how you should (still) use DBSCAN. ACM Trans. Database Syst. (TODS) 42(3), 1–21 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Singh, L., et al.: A first look at COVID-19 information and misinformation sharing on Twitter. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.13907 (2020)

  17. Wagh, R.S.: Knowledge discovery from legal documents dataset using text mining techniques. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 66(23), 32–34 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Wagstaff, K., Cardie, C., Rogers, S., Schroedl, S., et al.: Constrained k-means clustering with background knowledge. In: ICML, vol. 1, pp. 577–584 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Walker, V.R., Han, J.H., Ni, X., Yoseda, K.: Semantic types for computational legal reasoning: propositional connectives and sentence roles in the veterans’ claims dataset. In: Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, ICAIL 2017, London, United Kingdom, 12–16 June 2017, pp. 217–226 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086535

  20. Yang, J., Zhang, D., Frangi, A.F., Yang, J.Y.: Two-dimensional PCA: a new approach to appearance-based face representation and recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 26(1), 131–137 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ana Sodré , Dimmy Magalhães , Luis Floriano , Aurora Pozo , Carmem Hara or Sidnei Machado .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Sodré, A., Magalhães, D., Floriano, L., Pozo, A., Hara, C., Machado, S. (2021). COVID-19 Portal: Machine Learning Techniques Applied to the Analysis of Judicial Processes Related to the Pandemic. In: Bellatreche, L., et al. New Trends in Database and Information Systems. ADBIS 2021. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1450. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85082-1_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85082-1_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-85081-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-85082-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics