Skip to main content

Multi-object Tracking Based on Nearest Optimal Template Library

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2021 (ICANN 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 12891))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 2970 Accesses

Abstract

Noisy detection and similar appearance lead to deteriorated mis-identification and id-switch in Multi-Object Tracking (MOT). To address these problems, we propose a novel Nearest Optimal Template Library (NOTL) associated with two tailor-made methods based on the NOTL. Here, the NOTL is a historical sample set of the tracked objects, and the elements in the NOTL are closest to the complete object at the current instant. It provides reliable appearance information of the object. Then, we use the single object tracker (SOT) for position prediction, and spatio-temporal network for appearance modeling. They can alleviate mis-identification and id-switch problems, respectively. Besides, the triplet loss is used to train our spatio-temporal network further improves the performance. The proposed algorithm achieves 55.3% and 55.1% in MOTA on challenging MOT16 and MOT17 benchmark datasets respectively. These results show our method is competitive with the previous state-of-the-art approaches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Babaee, M., Athar, A., Rigoll, G.: Multiple people tracking using hierarchical deep tracklet re-identification. CoRR (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bergmann, P., Meinhardt, T., Leal-Taixé, L.: Tracking without bells and whistles. In: 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV 2019, Seoul, Korea (South), 27 October–2 November, 2019 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bernardin, K., Stiefelhagen, R.: Evaluating multiple object tracking performance: the CLEAR MOT metrics. EURASIP J. Image Video Process. 2008, 1–10 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Chen, J., Sheng, H., Zhang, Y., Xiong, Z.: Enhancing detection model for multiple hypothesis tracking. In: 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, CVPR Workshops 2017, Honolulu, HI, USA, 21–26 July, 2017 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chen, L., Ai, H., Zhuang, Z., Shang, C.: Real-time multiple people tracking with deeply learned candidate selection and person re-identification. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2018, San Diego, CA, USA, 23–27 July, 2018 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chu, Q., Ouyang, W., Li, H., Wang, X., Liu, B., Yu, N.: Online multi-object tracking using CNN-based single object tracker with spatial-temporal attention mechanism. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV 2017, Venice, Italy, 22–29 October, 2017 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dehghan, A., Assari, S.M., Shah, M.: GMMCP tracker: globally optimal generalized maximum multi clique problem for multiple object tracking. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2015, Boston, MA, USA, 7–12 June, 2015 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Du, Y., Yan, Y., Chen, S., Hua, Y., Wang, H.: Object-adaptive LSTM network for visual tracking. In: 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2018, Beijing, China, 20–24 August, 2018 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Fagot-Bouquet, L., Audigier, R., Dhome, Y., Lerasle, F.: Improving multi-frame data association with sparse representations for robust near-online multi-object tracking. In: Computer Vision - ECCV 2016–14th European Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 11–14 October, 2016, Proceedings, Part VIII (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Felzenszwalb, P.F., Girshick, R.B., McAllester, D.A., Ramanan, D.: Object detection with discriminatively trained part-based models. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 32(9), 1627–1645 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Feng, W., Hu, Z., Wu, W., Yan, J., Ouyang, W.: Multi-object tracking with multiple cues and switcher-aware classification. CoRR (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Henschel, R., Zou, Y., Rosenhahn, B.: Multiple people tracking using body and joint detections. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, CVPR Workshops, Long Beach, CA, USA, 16–20 June, 2019 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kim, C., Li, F., Rehg, J.M.: Multi-object tracking with neural gating using bilinear LSTM. In: Computer Vision - ECCV 2018–15th European Conference, Munich, Germany, 8–14 September, 2018, Proceedings, Part VIII (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Li, B., Wu, W., Wang, Q., Zhang, F., Xing, J., Yan, J.: SiamRPN++: evolution of Siamese visual tracking with very deep networks. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2019, Long Beach, CA, USA, 16–20 June, 2019 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Li, B., Yan, J., Wu, W., Zhu, Z., Hu, X.: High performance visual tracking with Siamese region proposal network. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2018, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 18–22 June, 2018 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Milan, A., Leal-Taixé, L., Reid, I.D., Roth, S., Schindler, K.: MOT16: a benchmark for multi-object tracking. CoRR (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R.B., Sun, J.: Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39(6), 1137–1149 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Sadeghian, A., Alahi, A., Savarese, S.: Tracking the untrackable: learning to track multiple cues with long-term dependencies. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV 2017, Venice, Italy, 22–29 October, 2017 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Schroff, F., Kalenichenko, D., Philbin, J.: FaceNet: a unified embedding for face recognition and clustering (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Tang, S., Andres, B., Andriluka, M., Schiele, B.: Multi-person tracking by multicut and deep matching. In: Computer Vision - ECCV 2016 Workshops - Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 8–10 and 15–16 October, 2016, Proceedings, Part II (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Valmadre, J., Bertinetto, L., Henriques, J., Vedaldi, A., Torr, P.H.S.: End-to-end representation learning for correlation filter based tracking. In: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Xiang, Y., Alahi, A., Savarese, S.: Learning to track: online multi-object tracking by decision making. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV 2015, Santiago, Chile, 7–13 December, 2015 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Xu, J., Cao, Y., Zhang, Z., Hu, H.: Spatial-temporal relation networks for multi-object tracking. In: 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV 2019, Seoul, Korea (South), 27 October–2November, 2019 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Xu, Y., Osep, A., Ban, Y., Horaud, R., Leal-Taixé, L., Alameda-Pineda, X.: How to train your deep multi-object tracker. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Seattle, United States (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Yang, F., Choi, W., Lin, Y.: Exploit all the layers: fast and accurate CNN object detector with scale dependent pooling and cascaded rejection classifiers. In: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2016, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 27–30 June, 2016. IEEE Computer Society (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Yang, M., Wu, Y., Jia, Y.: A hybrid data association framework for robust online multi-object tracking. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 26(12), 5667–5679 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Yoon, Y., Boragule, A., Song, Y., Yoon, K., Jeon, M.: Online multi-object tracking with historical appearance matching and scene adaptive detection filtering. In: 15th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, AVSS 2018, Auckland, New Zealand, 27–30 November, 2018 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang, Y., Sheng, H., Wu, Y., Wang, S., Lyu, W., Ke, W., Xiong, Z.: Long-term tracking with deep tracklet association. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 29, 6694 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhu, J., Yang, H., Liu, N., Kim, M., Zhang, W., Yang, M.: Online multi-object tracking with dual matching attention networks. In: Computer Vision - ECCV 2018–15th European Conference, Munich, Germany, 8–14 September, 2018, Proceedings, Part V (2018)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Project of Quzhou Municipal Government (2020D011), and National Science Foundation of China (U19A2052).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiang Zhang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Tian, R., Zhang, X., Chen, D., Hu, Y. (2021). Multi-object Tracking Based on Nearest Optimal Template Library. In: Farkaš, I., Masulli, P., Otte, S., Wermter, S. (eds) Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2021. ICANN 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12891. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86362-3_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86362-3_27

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-86361-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-86362-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics